Preparation And Performance Of ZnMoO₄ As Anode Material For Lithium-ion Battery

Lithium-ion battery（LIB）is a green rechargeable battery system with high voltage,long life,low toxicity,and high safety.Anode material plays an important role in LIB.Traditional commercial graphite has become the most widely used industrial anode material due to its low price and good conductivity.However,the low discharge capacity(<372 m Ah·g^-1)of graphite limits its application in high energy density batteries.The development of new anode materials with higher discharge capacity is the key to overcome the limitations of the wide application of LIB.The effect of monomer content,the ratio of monomer to crosslinking agent,calcination temperature,and calcination time on the properties of ZnMoO₄ anode material was studied.ZnMoO₄/C and ZnMoO₄/Cu composites were prepared by coating ZnMoO₄in simple ways.Materials were measured via XRD,SEM,EDS,and FT-IR,as well as electrochemical techniques such as constant current charge and discharge,CV,and EIS.The structure,morphology,and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized.The results showed that the bulk-like ZnMoO₄ anode material had high crystallinity and particle size of 1-2μm.The initial discharge capacity was 1147.1 m Ah·g^-1 at 0.1A·g^-1,and 374.0 m Ah·g^-1 after 100 cycles.The discharge capacity remained at 177.1m Ah·g^-1 at 2.0 A·g^-1.ZnMoO₄/C composites were prepared by carbon-coating ZnMoO₄ anode material.The results showed that the material had the best electrochemical properties when the carbon coating content was 10%.The initial discharge capacity of ZnMoO₄/C composites was 1168.4 m Ah·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 and remained at 455.2 m Ah·g^-1 after 100 cycles.The discharge capacity of ZnMoO₄/C composites was improved at low current density.ZnMoO₄/Cu composites were prepared by copper coating on ZnMoO₄ anode material.The results showed that the copper-coated material could effectively improve the stability and the discharge capacity still reached 264.8 m Ah·g^-1 at 2.0 A·g^-1.The unique urchin-like structure acted as a good buffer to the volume expansion of the active material due to the removal of Li⁺and improved its cycle stability.