| Water pollution control is an important part of natural ecosystem and environmental protection in China.With the rapid development of social economy and the increasing degree of water environmental pollution,water pollution control has become an important part of government governance.Environmental policy is the standard to constrain and coordinate the concept and behavior of environmental deviation,and plays an active role in the process of environmental governance.But at the same time,due to the lack of scientific nature and uncoordinated structure of some policy tools,and difficulties in law enforcement,capital and technology,the implementation of policy tools is inefficient,and it is difficult to achieve the expected environmental governance effects.Taking Qingshan Lake Watershed in Lin ’an District as an example,this paper focuses on studying the effect of policy tools.Since 2013,Zhejiang Province has implemented the "Five Water Management",and a variety of policy tools have been widely used.The water quality of rivers and lakes in the region has improved significantly on the whole.However,due to the influence of the traditional production and life style of residents,the water environment management task still faces multiple challenges.According to the analysis,it is found that Qingshan Lake is in a state of slight eutrophication in recent years,and some indexes are not up to the standard,while the local agricultural pollution and urban and rural pollution are the main factors of water pollution,which is affected by the local production and living activities and the implementation effect of local government policies.According to the policy documents related to water pollution control of Qingshan Lake in recent years,it is found that it has experienced the stage of "extensive control"(2014-2016),"precise control"(2017-2018)and "public control"(2019-2020).On the whole,it reflects the change of government water pollution control from passivity to initiative,from conservatism to innovation,and from government leading to public participation.Based on the perspective of policy tools,the environmental policy tools of water pollution treatment in Lin ’an can be divided into three types: command-and-control,market incentive and public participation.By using Nvivo12 software to conduct three-level coding of relevant policy texts,it is found that there are structural imbalances in the use of local policy tools,which are mainly manifested as: command-and-control tools have unreasonable planning and design,insufficient supply of funds and technologies,and insufficient prominent key issues;Market economy tools have problems such as imperfect compensation mechanism,imperfect legal system and immature market mechanism.Public participation tools have problems such as single subject and policy isolation.Based on the above problems,through the perfect environmental policy tool to improve the environment of rivers and lakes governance effect need to improve the balance of various policy tools to use and affordable,to strengthen the command control tool of prospective and Chong Dian Xing,strengthen market economical tool is scientific and aboriginality,enrich public participation in the subjectivity and creativity. |
