Study On Ecological Environment Change Of Manas Lake Wetland

Ecosystems provide important ecosystem services for human beings and play an important role in maintaining national ecological security and ecological civilization.Wetlands are an ecological landscape that has diversity and benefits in natural ecosystems.However,in the process of population growth and social and economic development,due to historical and practical reasons and current threats,the damage suffered by wetlands is serious.At the same time,with the improvement of human living standards and spiritual civilization,wetland resources and human needs.The contradiction between them has become increasingly prominent.People gradually realize the scarcity and importance of wetland resources and begin to pay attention to the rational use of wetland resources and the protection of ecological environment.Wetland ecological assessment is the basis of wetland protection and rational utilization.This paper takes the Manas Lake wetland in the arid area of Wetland ecological assessment is the basis of wetland protection and rational utilization.This paper takes the Manas Lake wetland in the arid area of Northwest China as the research area.With the support of 3S technology,the 2000 ETM+,2006,2010 Landsat TM,and 2016,the Landsat OLI remote sensing data is used as a data source to explore and monitor the dynamic changes of the Manas Lake wetland landscape pattern and ecological environment quality,and to analyze the driving factors affecting the wetland ecological change.The main research results are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2016,the area of reed wetland,forest grassland,saline-alkali land,salt marsh and salt field showed an increasing trend,and the area of waters and desert landscapes showed a decreasing trend.From 2000 to 2016,the overall change of the Manas Lake wetland landscape is the transformation of desert and forest and grassland,the conversion of saline-alkali land to forest grassland,and the turning of water bodies to salt marshes.The analysis of Manas Lake wetland landscape index shows that the wetland landscape tends to be rich and complex,the fragmentation is increased,the distribution is more balanced,the ability to resist external disturbances is increased,and the ecological stability is improved.The increase in the area ofwetland plaques and the reduction of desert areas indicate that the ecological environment has recovered well and has positive significance for the natural environment on the western edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert.(2)The RSEI index combined with vegetation index,humidity component,surface temperature and soil index established by principal component analysis technology has certain applicability,which can better monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of Manas Lake wetland and its Time and space changes.The average RSEI index of 2000,2006,2010 and 2016 were 0.227,0.183,0.260 and 0.234 respectively.After classifying the RSEI index,it was found that the“poor” level of wetland ecological environment ranked first and the “excellent” level improved.The quality of the wetland ecological environment is developing in a good direction.(3)Changes in landscape type structure affect the development of ecological environment quality.In 2016,the average RSEI of each landscape type was ranked from reed wetland,salt field,salt marsh,saline-alkali land,forest grassland and desert.The increase of reed wetland area and the reduction of desert area in Manas Lake wetland have a positive impact on ecological environment changes.(4)Analyze the causes of the landscape pattern and ecological environment changes of Manas Lake wetland from the aspects of natural factors and population and socio-economic factors.The results show that the ecological environment effects caused by climate change and human activities in the Manas Lake wetland The super-standard flood disasters caused by human activities and watersheds are the main reasons for the change of landscape pattern of Manas Lake wetland;due to the impact of global climate change,the ecological environment quality of wetlands has been improved.