| Antibiotics are widely used in livestock and poultry breeding industry,and the antibiotics residual in livestock and poultry feces and urine are transferred to the natural ecological environment with the resource utilization of wastes,resulting in the spread of antibiotics from animal husbandry to planting industry.In particular,the distribution of family farms in rural areas of our country is scattered,the number is large,and there is a lack of wastewater and fecal treatment equipment and technology,which is more likely to cause environmental pollution.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the pollution characteristics and distribution law of antibiotics and scientifically evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in the breeding environment,aiming at the problems such as unknown pollution characteristics of antibiotics and unclear impact on the ecological environment in rural families.In this study,70 typical family farms in the rural area of Jizhou,Tianjin City,were investigated by Solid phase extraction(SPE)coupled with High-performance liquid chromatography tandem Mass spectrometry for 48 veterinary antibiotics in five categories(sulfonamides,quinolones,Macrolide,tetracyclines and β-lactam),the following studies have been carried out:(1)Systematic analysis of the level and distribution of antibiotic residues in the manure and wastewater of family farms(pig,chicken and cattle)and the manure application soil;(2)The ecological risks caused by common veterinary antibiotics in different environmental media(waste water and soil)were evaluated for typical family farms;(3)Analysis on the regional pollution characteristics of antibiotics in Jizhou of Tianjin City from a spatial perspective.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)veterinary antibiotics are widely used in the family farms of Jizhou.The residual concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics in the three environmental media are the highest,and they are the most widely used.Based on the concentrations investigation of the soil and manure of different livestock species,the results show that firstly,the antibiotic residues in pig manure,cattle manure and chicken manure are decreased in turn,the antibiotic residues in pig manure showed that the mean value of total antibiotic contamination in fat-pig manure(169.48 mg/kg)is 1.2 times and 8.0 times that of piglet manure(141.79 mg/kg)and sow manure(21.06 mg/kg).Secondly,the residual and distribution characteristics of antibiotics in the wastewater of different livestock breeding showed that the kinds of antibiotics in pig farm wastewater were higher than that in cattle farm wastewater,and the total concentration of antibiotics in pig farm wastewater was higher than that in cattle farm wastewater.Finally,through analysis of the level of antibiotic exposure in forest soil and manure application soil,it is found that manure is an important source of antibiotic accumulation in soil,the antibiotic residue in pig farm soil is the highest,followed by cattle farm soil and chicken farm soil.(2)The results of the study on the risk of antibiotic residues in wastewater and soil of family farms showed that compared with wastewater from cattle farms,antibiotics in pig farm wastewater showed higher risk of frequency;tetracycline antibiotics TC were showed high risks in different farms wastewater,and it is worthy of attention.Comparing the manure application soil of different livestock species,the ecological risk of antibiotics in pig farm soil is highest to.(3)There are differences in the distribution of antibiotics in household farms in 18 different villages and towns of Jizhou District.There is a pattern of agglomeration of farms in southwestern Jizhou District and high concentration of antibiotic pollution,while the concentration of antibiotics about distribution of farms in other areas is low,maybe this is related to factors such as the terrain,distributionand the custom of antibiotics used by farmers in Jizhou District. |
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