| As a typical endocrine disruptor（EDCs）,the removal and fate of bisphenols（BPs）in the environment has become a research hotspot in recent years.BPs are widely used in various industrial products based on epoxy resins,and have a greater impact on human health.The literature review shows that BPs currently have significant presence in sewage treatment plants,sediments,indoor dust,human urine and serum.However,there are few studies on BPs in the soil,and there are almost no studies on the national scale.Therefore,this project takes the national soil as the research area,through the collection of national soil samples,after the effective pretreatment of the samples,the quantitative detection of32 kinds of BPs is carried out,and the analysis of BPs is carried out based on the true concentration of the environment,and then research on concentration levels,composition,spatial distribution,source analysis,and health risk assessment.In this project,155 soil samples were collected nationwide,and 32 kinds of BPs were quantitatively detected.The research results showed that the total concentration of32 kinds of BPs was 0.387～712.967 ng/g,and the average concentration of BPs was25.321 ng/g.Among all BPs,the concentration of BPA was the highest,the concentration range was ND～692.010 ng/g,and the mean value was 13.021ng/g.The substances with detection rate above 50%were BPA,2,2-BPF,BPM,BPS,TCBPA,TBBPA and BPB.From a regional perspective,the overall concentration of BPs was higher in East China（43.25±120.01 ng/g）,South China（30.837±54.07 ng/g）,and Northeast China（25.822±40.20 ng/g）.In terms of provinces,Zhejiang Province had the highest concentration of BPs（164.75±255.87 ng/g）,followed by Guangdong Province and Heilongjiang Province with 50.520±73.99 ng/g and 49.077±48.21 ng/g,respectively.Next,7 kinds of BPs with a detection rate of more than 50%were used as the main research objects to analyze the concentration.The results showed that the 7 kinds of BPs were detected to different degrees in each region,and the total concentration of the 7kinds of BPs in the East China region was the highest,reaching 29.335 ng/g,followed by South China（14.042 ng/g）and Northeast China（13.126 ng/g）.In addition,the concentration of BPA was the highest among the 7 kinds of BPs in each region.The proportions of 32 kinds of BPs in the whole country and 7 regions were also studied.The results showed that BPA had the highest percentage among the 7 kinds of BPs with a higher detection rate,reaching 36.47%,followed by 2,2-BPF（7.43%）and TBBPA（6.43%）.Except for BPA,the proportion of BPs in all rural areas is higher than that in urban areas.In the soil of different regions and provinces,the percentage of BPA is still the highest.Through correlation and principal component analysis,it was found that there are two main pollution sources of BPs in Chinese soil.One pollution source is mainly related to BPB,BPS and BPM,and the other pollution source is mainly related to 2,2-BPF.In this study,the oral exposure of 7 kinds of BPs was calculated,the exposure dose of BPA was higher than other substances,and the overall exposure of 7 kinds of BPs of women was higher than that of men.The total exposure of adult males,adult females,children males and children females toΣ7BPs in the national soil was in descending order:children females(1.12×10-1 ng/kg bw/d)>children males(1.05×10-1 ng/kg bw/d)>adult female(2.49×10-2 ng/kg bw/d)>adult male(2.12×10-2 ng/kg bw/d).The health risk parameter of BPA was far less than 1,which indicated that the exposure risk of BPs in the soil across the country was very small and had no harm to human health at present.Monte Carlo simulation showed that the maximum EDI value of BPs in different types of soil from three age groups were all below 4μg/kg bw/d,which once again proved that the content of BPs in soil of China does have no danger to human health at present. |
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