Experimental Research On The Influence Of Channel Curvature And Exit Setting On Pedestrian Movement Characteristics

With the accelerating process of urbanization,a large number of people migrate to cities,and the number of crowded places is increasing.Once a public emergency occurs,it is easy to lead to mass deaths and injuries,leading to adverse social and international influence.Therefore,how to safely and effectively manage the crowd is the basic requirement to ensure the safety of people’s lives,and also the foundation to establish a good social and international image.The channel curvature and exit settings have a great influence on the traffic capacity of the dense crowd.In order to ensure a comfortable pedestrian movement environment under normal circumstances and a safe and fast evacuation under emergency circumstances,it is necessary to study the influence of channel curvature and exit setting on the macro parameters and micro movement behavior characteristics of pedestrian flow.Through controllable experiments,including single-file pedestrian flow experiment and plane evacuation experiment,this paper studies the influence of channel curvature and exit setting on pedestrian movement characteristics,and analyzes the influence mechanism of spatial geometry structure on pedestrian behavior from the micro level.In single-file pedestrian flow experiment("runway" shape channel and ring shape channel),the calculation method of local pedestrian flow parameters is improved,instantaneous and local pedestrian flow parameters are calculated,and it is found that the curvature of channels has a significant effect on macroscopic parameters such as local flow and density.The experimental results show that the pedestrian flow in the straight area(curvature K=0)of the "runway" shape channel is the highest in the jam phase,which is about 20% higher than that in the curved area.At the same time,we explain the reason of the decrease of the flow in the arc area from the spatial distribution law of pedestrians.The headway distribution shows that the pedestrian distribution in the arc-shaped area is more homogeneous than that in the linear area,and the inhomogeneity of the distribution in the linear area makes pedestrians better use of the effective movement space and causes greater traffic.In the plane evacuation experiment,when room is equipped with a single exit,the crowd displays a regular "arch" distribution around the exit.The smaller the exit width,the more likely pedestrians are to be blocked,the higher the conflict level,the faster the movement speed decreases,and the larger the average time interval between adjacent pedestrians at the exit bottleneck.When the exit width is 1.5m,the evacuation efficiency is 59.4%,40.9% and 24.6% higher than that when the exit width is 0.6m,0.9m and 1.2m,respectively.When the room is set up with double exits,the personnel was relatively evenly distributed at the two exits,and the speed of their movement has no significant difference.Under the condition that the total exit width is the same,the evacuation efficiency of the room with double exits is about 10.6%higher than that with single exit.