Analysis Of Ecological Security Pattern Of Mountain Development In GuiAn,Fuzhou

With the improvement of people’s living standards and the development of leisure tourism industry,more and more experts and scholars pay attention to the ecological environment impact caused by the development of suburban tourism resort.As a resource environment based industry,the rapid development of tourism brings opportunities and potential risks to the sustainable development of resources and environment.In the dual strategy of new urbanization and ecological civilization construction,the ecological security pattern is the guarantee of the sustainable development of suburban tourism industry.The research area in this paper is a typical subtropical monsoon climate hilly Tourism Development Zone,namely Gui’an Tourism Resort in the north of Fuzhou.The core of this paper is to explore the sustainable mountain use mode of tourism development and ecological protection in subtropical mountain areas.This paper selected the high-resolution remote sensing images of four temporal resorts from 2010 to 2019,divided the tourism development into three different stages:the early stage of development(2010-2013),the middle stage of development(2013-2015)and the late stage of development(2015-2019),using GIS spatial analysis and remote sensing data intelligent classification technology to analyze the dynamic of regional ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity based on the land use change in different periods of tourism resort development,and further obtained the dynamic of ecological security pattern through the spatial analysis of"ecological source-ecological resistance surface-ecological corridor",and finally put forward the targeted strategy of ecological protection in mountain development.The conclusions are as follows(1)Land use dynamics in the study area:the land use in the study area is mainly forest and grassland(85-92km~2,accounting for 76%-83%),followed by construction land(6-15km~2,accounting for 5%-15%),and other land types account for little(less than 10%).Construction land increased by 6.58 km~2,forest and grassland decreased by4.93 km~2in the early stage,the dynamic degree of construction land and forest and grassland were 34.4%and 1.8%respectively,and the comprehensive land use dynamic degree was 0.025;construction land increased by 1.38 km~2in the middle stage,the dynamic degree of construction land is 3.5%,and the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use was 0.008;the increase of cultivated land and construction land in the late stage was 0.28 km~2and 0.43 km~2respectively,the dynamic degree of construction land and cultivated land was 1.0%and 2.6%respectively,and the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use was 0.002.In the early stage of development,4.65 km~2of forest and grassland were converted to construction land.(2)Dynamic of ecosystem service function in the study area:The total amount of water conservation decreased by 1.507×10~8m~3in the early stage of development,increased by 8.62×10~7m~3in the middle stage,and decreased by 2.3×10~6m~3in the later stage.The total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus retention increased by 1442.57 kg in the early stage of development,decreased by 491.33 kg in the middle stage,and increased by 546.02 kg in the later stage.The total amount of soil conservation decreased by 1.238×10~7t in the early stage of development,increased by 2.023×10~7t in the middle stage and decreased by 1×10~5t in the later stage.The total carbon storage in the early stage of development was reduced by 8.6×10~4kg,and that in the middle stage and later stage was reduced by 1×10~4kg.The four ecosystem services coexist,and the negative correlation between water purification and carbon storage was the strongest.In the early stage of development,soil conservation and carbon storage decreased synergistically;in the middle stage of development,water conservation and water purification changed from synergism to trade-off,water purification and carbon storage increased;in the late stage of development,water conservation and water purification,water purification and soil conservation and carbon storage increased.(3)Dynamic of ecological sensitivity of the study area:in the early stage of development,the area of insensitive area and highly sensitive area decreased(3.72 km~2),while the area of mild sensitive area,moderate sensitive area and extremely sensitive area increased;in the middle stage of development,the area of moderate sensitive area and extremely sensitive area decreased(0.61 km~2)In the late development period,the area of insensitive area and highly sensitive area decreased(0.77 km~2),and the area of slightly sensitive area,moderately sensitive area and extremely sensitive area increased.The development of hot spring tourism resort will increase the area of extremely sensitive areas by 1%,mainly in the early development stage;meanwhile,the area of highly sensitive areas will change little,while the area of insensitive areas will decrease by 3%,mainly in the early development stage.The ecological impact of tourism development zone is small and controllable.(4)Dynamics of ecological security pattern in the study area:the ecological sources mainly include rivers,natural mountains,forest parks,etc.In 2010,2013,2015 and 2019,the ecological source area and proportion were 21.15km~2(19%),26km~2(23%),24.78km~2(22%)and 26.90km~2(24%)respectively.The key ecological corridors effectively connect the ecological sources,basically avoid the construction land area,crisscross,mainly distributed in the scenic spots with good ecological environment.In 2010,2013,2015and 2019,there were 26 ecological corridors and 105.28km;16 ecological corridors and79.94km;16 ecological corridors and 80.95km;21 ecological corridors and 110.28km,respectively.In the early stage of development,the form of ecological corridor changed from crisscross in the middle to Aojiang as the main axis and extended around the resort.In the middle and late stage of development,the form of ecological corridor changed to the basic framework around the periphery of Renshan area,Gui’an area and Pandu area,which served as a barrier to divide the ecological area and the construction area,and played a role in the ecological protection of the resort.The level of ecological security decreased in the early and middle stages of development,but increased in the late stage of development.(5)The Protection Countermeasures of mountain tourism development:in the early stage of development,Gui’an adopted the way of rapidly changing mountain terrain into terrace,which realized the open protection of original landscape pattern and ecological virtuous cycle,and its group development promoted the intensive development and utilization of land.According to the research,the protected areas and key protected areas from 2010 to 2019 were divided into 12(9 key areas)in 2013,11(5 key areas)in 2015and 3(3 key areas)in 2019.The results show that the local protected mountain tourism development has achieved remarkable results,and the areas within and around the Aojiang water source protection area and the surrounding areas of villages should be protected.