Research On The Military Station Traffic Of Tianshan North Road In Qianlong Period

The Tianshan North Road military station was established during the rule of Emperor Kangxi,developed by Emperor Yongzheng,and completed in years of Qianlong.The original intention of setting up military station in the Qing Dynasty was to defend national unity.Whether it was straight through the road,the key strategic passing area,and whether there was rich water and grass were important factors affecting the selection of military station and the direction of traffic.From 19^thto 32^ndyears during Qianlong’s rule,the Tianshan North Road military station as a whole presented the characteristics of“setting-destroying-resetting”.During this period,the main road of the military station from Balikun to Yili was formed,and five main line traffic lines were diverted to the north and south sides along with the main road as the core axis.During the Qianlong period,the authority set up the military station of Tianshan North Road and there were 81 military stations that can be checked.The total mileage of military platoons is at least 5,707 miles,and the military stations were separated by an average of about 70 miles.The well-connected military station transportation network has connected government stations with each other,making it easy to communicate.In order to ensure the smooth operation of the military station,the Qing Dynasty formulated reward and punishment measures and strengthened inspections of the military station.In the beginning,the soldiers of the military station did not customize their defending disciplines,and then they began to change their defending soilders once every three years.The composition of the military station of the Tianshan North Road mainly consisted of three different kinds while the ethnic composition was diverse.The transportation of the military station mainly included camels,horses,cattle,and trolleys,with canoes in some places.Funds for the operation of military station were generally provided by the government,and soldiers could also cultivate wasteland and lands for their own food.In order to ensure the effective rule of Tianshan North Road,efficiency and safety are two major issues that could not be ignored during the operation of the military station.The station also showed some disadvantages during the operation,mainly in the private use of officials’public equipment and the loss of unpacking of military documents.During the Qianlong period,the traffic in military station of the Tianshan North Road played an important role,which mainly reflected in the transfer of military intelligence documents and the transfer of military supplies,and companionship and the dissolution of criminals,the maintenance of local law and order,as well as the establishment of a unified multi-ethnic country.Economically,it promoted the formation of the modern urban pattern of Tianshan North Road,facilitated the development of frontiers,and strengthened the economic and trade exchanges between the regions and the Central Plains.Also,cultural integration of foreign exchanges was boosted as well.The research on the military transportation system of Tianshan North Road during the Qianlong period can provide a useful reference for social governance and border security.In the meantime,political security,military security,economic prosperity,and cultural consolidation are important measures to consolidate Xinjiang’s border security.Strengthening the inspection and maintenance of transportation facilities,accelerating the pace of construction of transportation facilities,and adding new transportation lines are of practical significance for improving the construction of Xinjiang’s transportation network.