Research On The Technological Innovation Strategies Of Enterprises Based On Patentometrics

With the acceleration of economic globalization and growing competition,many enterprises formulate their technological innovation strategies to gain competitive advantages.In the process of strategic formulation,it is important for enterprises to acquire the intelligence about technological innovation strategies of other enterprises.However,this information usually comes from the annual reports of enterprises or related articles,which is sketchy and unsystematic.Therefore,it is necessary to provide an appropriate analysis method for assessing the technological innovation strategies of enterprises.After summarizing the relevant domestic and foreign literatures,this paper finds that the existing study is lacking in the quantitative assessment of technological innovation strategies,which to some extent cannot meet the realistic needs of enterprises.Meanwhile,patent has been widely used in the study of innovation.Thus,in order to reveal the characteristics and evolution of technological innovation strategies effectively,this paper constructs a three-dimensional framework of "layout-posture-learning" from dimensions of technological layout,technological posture and technological learning of technological innovation strategies.Then,the measurable index of each strategic dimension is designed based on the analysis of patent coupling and patent citation.At the same time,the research procedure is developed from four aspects: data retrieval and processing,patentometrics and visualization,analysis of strategic characteristics and analysis of strategic evolution.In the analysis of strategic characteristics,this paper mainly discusses the results of measurable indexes and implements the combined analysis of "layoutposture-learning" to reclassify and define the technological innovation strategies of enterprises.In the analysis of strategic evolution,this paper mainly analyzes the evolutionary trends of measurable indexes and strategy types and summarizes the evolutionary paths,so as to provide certain management enlightenment for enterprises.Finally,taking the patent data of new energy vehicles from 1989 to 2018 as an example,this paper makes an empirical analysis and discusses the characteristics and evolution about the technological innovation strategies of the primary enterprises in the stage of emerging,growth and maturity.The analytical results of the characteristics of the technological innovation strategies show that there are eight types of strategies,and most enterprises carried out diversified innovation in the related technology subfields and established the core competitive advantages;while their utilization of external knowledge was generally less and strategic alliance might be an effective way for technological learning.The analytical results of the evolution of the technological innovation strategies show that some enterprises started with technology specialization and followed the leaders,then spread to related technology subfields and gradually obtained the technology leadership;while others developed a variety of technologies in emerging stage and generated competitive advantages through R&D investment and technological learning,then gradually focused on a certain technology subfield and continued to stay ahead or following.And some enterprises’ technological innovation strategies remained unchanged.In addition,the evolutionary process of the technological innovation strategies is mainly influenced by the internal factors(such as resources and capability,innovation intention,development goals and operation strategy)and external factors(such as industrial and technological environment)of enterprises.