| As a member of traditional Chinese villages,Hakka Settlements are famous for their unique architectural features and lifestyle.Under the multidimensional urban-rural gap in China,Hakka settlements are also faced with the following three conflicts: 1.The conflict between development of urbanization and population hollowing-out of rural settlements.2.The Conflict between the disordered commercial development of Traditional Rural Areas and the occupational destruction in Natural Landscapes and Settlements.3.The conflict between the ancient living space and the modern life style.These conflicts interfere with the integration of production space,living space and ecological space of Hakka Settlements at different levels.How to plan and reconstruct the space of different levels in Hakka Settlements reasonably is one of the most important problems to be solved urgently under the background of "Rural Revitalization" in China.In the west,the origin of "Smart Decline" theory provides an important theoretical reference for solving the population shrinking and economic decline of urban areas,which has achieved some effective results.In China,the theory of "Smart Decline" has been transferred from urban areas to rural ones,but its application in different types of rural settlements is still in infancy.China’s Hakka Settlements are mainly distributed in Jiangxi,Fujian and Guangdong provinces.For the first time,this paper applies the theory of "Smart Decline" to Hakka Settlements.Taking the platform of Meilin town in Nanjing county,Zhangzhou city,whinch is one of the representatives of Hakka Settlements in Fujian Province,this paper linked the Smart Decline theory with the spatial developmental needs of Hakka Settlements,and adopted methods such as literature and field comparison,measurement of Earthen-Building(Tulou),Arc GIS spatial analysis and Archi CAD dynamic modeling analysis,inductive and deductive analysis,etc.Firstly,the paper summarizes the distribution of Hakka Settlements in China to lock in the research area which is divided into three scales: macro(town),meso(village)and micro(building),and systematically analyzes the ideal space composition of different dimensions between the three scales by using topographic map,mapping drawing,axonometric drawing and analysis chart.Secondly,through the combination of Arc GIS,Archi CAD and other technical means,and results of field survey and interview,it analyzes the dynamic evolution of space in different levels,studies the phenomena and mechanism of hybridization between each space during the process of development,and summarizes the laws of its spatial evolution.Then,based on the above analysis,the paper constructs an evaluation system for the key renovation points of Meilin town for the reconstruction in all levels of space under the scale of Town,Village and Building.It filters through the Delphi method to sort the weight of every evaluation index,then calculates the indexes by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method to sort results,analyzes the key points and sequence on regulating each level of space.Finally,based on the basic requirement of the "Smart Decline" theory,adhering to the regulation principle of "moderate amount,multilateral coordination,memory activation",it concludes the priorities and optimization tendency of Meilin town in macro,meso and micro space,proposed " Moderate Reduction of Construction Land in Town"," Smart Activation of Production Structure in Village" and "Condensed Partition Structure in Building" of Meilin town space at the level of "Smart Decline" reconstruction strategy. |
