Research On Design And Optimization Ofhospital ICU Building Based On Fire Safetyevacuation Plan

With the acceleration of population aging and the rise of the prevalence of various diseases in China,the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the program and goal of implementing the healthy China strategy.With the national development strategy and the people’s expectation of higher medical level,the construction of hospitals is gradually increasing in recent years,especially the intensive care unit(ICU),which specializes in the treatment of critically ill patients.The proportion of ICU beds in hospital beds is higher and higher,and its ability to treat critically ill patients has become an important embodiment of the comprehensive strength of the hospital.There are more and more large-scale ICUs.However,hospitals all over the country are eager to build a strong intensive care unit and a well-equipped ICU ward area.They emphasize the strong hardware strength and medical resources,but they do not pay enough attention to the fire safety of ICU buildings.The hospital itself has many characteristics,such as more inflammables,large number of personnel,difficult evacuation and organization,lack of fire management,etc.In order to promote the development and improvement of ICU design and fire safety research,this paper first makes an in-depth study on the theoretical system of ICU fire safety evacuation plan,and analyzes various modes of ICU patient evacuation and related system influencing factors.Then it finds out all kinds of factors related to architecture.Under the evacuation mode and framework determined by ICU fire safety evacuation plan,it puts forward the space layout design mode which is conducive to ICU patients’ safety evacuation through qualitative research,and puts forward the optimization design strategy;Through quantitative research,the minimum dimension of each space node that can support the safe evacuation of ICU patients is proposed,which provides theoretical and technical support for improving the safe evacuation ability of ICU patients in case of fire.The paper is divided into six chaptersThe first chapter introduces the research background,purpose and significance of the paper.This paper defines the research object,scope and related concepts,combs the characteristics of ICU safe evacuation,and defines the research object and method;By consulting the relevant works and literature at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the research status of ICU fire safety evacuation at home and abroad and provides reference for this study;Clear the main content and overall framework of the research,and lay the research foundation of the paper.The second chapter studies and analyzes the influencing factors of ICU patients’ fire safety evacuation,mainly from four aspects: building characteristics,personnel characteristics,fire characteristics and management characteristics.The contents of ICU fire safety evacuation plan are deeply studied and analyzed,including evacuation mode and priority level,emergency management and team responsibility,personnel mobilization and resource reserve.This paper makes a preliminary analysis of the plane and vertical layout mode of ICU,which can be used as the basic data support for the follow-up architectural research.In the third chapter,the ICUs of general hospitals in some areas of China are selected for investigation.The general layout,vertical space layout,horizontal space layout,space node and ICU fire evacuation plan of the hospital where ICU is located were investigated and studied.The characteristics of safe evacuation in different cases were analyzed.The existing problems in construction,personnel,fire and management were found,and the direction to solve the problems was pointed out and summarized.In the fourth chapter,qualitative and quantitative analysis is made on the plane combination form and spatial node scale of ICU respectively from the perspective of local refuge and horizontal transfer of ICU patients,and the plane layout design strategy for local refuge and horizontal transfer is put forward,as well as the basic scale and design points of spatial node that can support the smooth evacuation,With the help of the actual case analysis,the optimization strategy is put forward.In the fifth chapter,from the perspective of vertical transfer and vertical evacuation of ICU patients,qualitative analysis and quantitative research are carried out on the vertical function spatial distribution of high-rise inpatient building and the spatial composition and scale of refuge room and elevator,The general mode of vertical function layout which is conducive to vertical transfer and vertical evacuation and the minimum size and design points of space node which can support the successful completion of evacuation are proposed.The analysis and explanation are supplemented by actual cases,and the optimization strategy is proposed.n the sixth chapter,the main achievements and shortcomings of the paper are summarized,and the future development of ICU evacuation research is prospected.