| China’s traffic construction is changing from pursuing speed and scale to paying attention to quality and benefit,especially with the rapid development of traffic and travel integration,it is required that highways can not only ensure driving safety,comfortable driving environment and rich driving experience should also be provided,which puts forward higher requirements for highway space planning and landscape construction.The most important way to obtain drivers’ psychological feelings is the visual impression and perception of highway space.How to accurately characterize and calculate drivers’ visual perception of highway space has become a realistic problem faced by highway space preparation and landscape design.On the basis of extensive literature collection and investigation,this paper expounds the connotation of highway spatial visual perception,and combs the main points of measuring highway spatial visual perception from three aspects: the embodiment,dimensional complexity and dynamics of highway spatial visual relationship.Using the "reverse solution" method,combined with the typical psychological feelings of drivers and road space adjective pairs,the characterization factors and corresponding quantitative indicators of road space visual perception are determined.According to the combination types of highway geometric alignment,the interface composition of drivers’ visual space under different alignment conditions is combed and counted,and six suitable characterization indexes of highway space are analyzed,such as flat curve flat slope,flat curve uphill slope,flat curve downhill slope,straight line uphill slope and straight line downhill slope.Three levels and six types of highway space visual perception characterization system are constructed.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the main three-dimensional model building methods,the construction process of highway real-life three-dimensional model based on oblique photography is put forward.Based on the hemispheric horizon,the typical highway 3D models with different road widths and side interface heights are established,and the optimal horizon radius value is defined.The improved calculation method of "D/H" space enclosing degree,the calculation method of3 D discount rate based on the relative relationship between the maximum cutting plane and road area,and the fractal dimension quantification method of skyline based on box fractal are put forward.Considering the 3D characteristics of highway space,the highway space covering spatial enclosing degree,3D pasting rate,interface skyline and dynamic horizon is formed.From the aspects of landscape construction process,the key points of landscape construction corresponding to different quantitative indexes-linear combination road sections and the main work contents of each process,this paper puts forward the highway landscape construction strategy based on highway space visual perception.At last,taking G210 and G211 highways in Changning new district of Shaanxi province as an example,the paper establishes a three-dimensional real-life model of the demonstration road section by using the UAV tilt photography and 3D GIS technology platform,applies the proposed quantitative method of highway spatial visual perception as an example,calculates and extracts the quantitative indicators of visual perception,such as spatial enclosing degree,three-dimensional discount rate and skyline interface diagram,and puts forward the improvement strategy of landscape construction,which verifies the feasibility of the method.The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for highway spatial planning and landscape design. |
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