Research On Stackelberg Game Model And Algorithm Of Various Market Players Participating In Electricity Markets

With the deepening of electric power system reform,the electricity industries have been gradually evolving from the traditional monopolistic or vertically integrated structure toward liberalized or deregulated structures.In the meantime,in order to achieve the goal of ecological civilization construction,such as ‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’,as soon as possible,the development of new markets,ie.carbon emission trading(CET)market,is gradually improving,which leads to mutual coupling and interaction between different markets.This provides generation companies and other makret entities with opportunities to earn more profits,at the same time,various market entities are also facing more unpredictable risks.Therefore,it has become a core concern for each market entity to develop optimal bidding strategies to maximize the profits in such a complex,changeable and competitive market.This paper focuses on the Stackelberg game model and algorithm of two types of market entities,ie.intercity passenger transportation company(electric vehicle aggregator)and generation company,participating in the electricity spot market.The main research contents and achievements of this paper are summarized as follows:Firstly,a brief summary of Stackelberg game theory was introduced,which constructed the theoretical basis system of this paper.The basic definition of Stackelberg game was given,and its basic common structure was summarized.The modeling process of two types of common Stackelberg games ie.the single-leader single-follower game problem and the multileader multi-follower game problem,were introduced in detail,besides,the common solutions of these two problems were described,which established the theoretical foundation for both the research on single-leader single-follower game for intercity passenger transportation company participating in day-ahead joint energy and reserve markets and the research on multi-leader multi-follower game for generation companies participating in electricity spot market with CET mechanism.Then,in order to provide optimal vehicle scheduling strategies and market bidding suggestions for intercity passenger transportation company,a price-make bidding decision model for intercity passenger transportation company participating in the day-ahead joint energy and reserve market was proposed.For the upper-level of the bi-level problem,a vehicle time-space network model was established to simulate the transportation of intercity passenger vehicles between different stations,which helped intercity passenger transportation company allocate vehicles and formulate intercity shifts and bidding strategies in the day-ahead market.Based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimal condition,the proposed bi-level model was converted to a single-level nonlinear problem,and the nonlinear terms of the reconstructed model were linearized based on the strong duality theorem and the Big-M approach,the original Stackelberg game problem was transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem.Based on a modified IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 2278-bus power system,simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed bi-level programming model.Finally,to analyze the competitive behavior of generation companies and situation of market operation,a multi-leader multi-follower game problem Stackelberg game model for generation companies participating in the electricity spot market with CET mechanism was proposed.Based on the interaction mechanism between the CET market and the electricity spot marke,the bidding law of generation companies under the influence of CET mechanism was summarized.According to the bidding behavior of generation companies,the multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game model was constructed.To expand the solution space of the considered game,the shared-constraint approach was applied to modify the multi-leader multifollower problem.The proposed game was reformulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints with KKT condition based reformulation method to further obtain global Nash equilibrium and Nash strong-stationary point of the proposed problem.Based on a modified IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 2278-bus power system,simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed bi-level programming model.