| There are a large number of historical buildings in contemporary society,many of which have a history of 100 years since they were built.In order to provide a more reasonable and comfortable indoor environment for the protection of architectural heritage and the daily activity space of building users,"active" environmental control measures such as air conditioning,floor heating and mechanical ventilation have become a direct and effective solution.Different from modern architecture,it is a challenging task to provide satisfactory indoor environment in historic buildings.Different regulation of refrigeration,heating and ventilation will cause environmental response with different characteristics.Active regulation combined with environmental control equipment can improve the indoor comfort of users to a certain extent,but it may also bring adverse effects to the dependent environment of architectural heritage.Based on the demand of improving the comfort of indoor environment in winter,this study will focus on the historical buildings open to the public for long-term use.This paper comprehensively evaluates the deterioration risk of this kind of buildings when using different heating systems and control schemes in winter heating period,and finally puts forward the active environmental heating strategy of historical buildings open to the public in winter.For " Conservation Heating Approach" with RH as the main control objective,and air convection heating,radiator and floor heating,local seat heating methods and wall heating with temperature as the main control objective,the applicable building types,heating characteristics and deterioration risk sources are studied and summarized.This paper also discussed the formation mechanism of possible diseases in historical buildings during heating period and its correlation with environmental risk factors.Based on the renovation project of the Great Buddha’s Hall and the Hall of Patriarch in Honghua Temple,this study carried out a one-year environmental monitoring work on a practical traditional brick temple building,and developed the "Heating Scenario Model" based on the theory of heat and moisture coupling transfer.Different operation mode,system setting and ventilation policy of the building were simulated.The results show that under cold climate conditions,there is an inevitable conflict between the heritage protection of historical buildings and the demand of thermal comfort.The low heating level can provide a relatively ideal environment for the preservation of historical buildings,but it may require some compromise on the thermal comfort.For Honghua temple,the enhancement of heating and air exchange both improve the evaporation level of material surface;16 ℃ setpoint under conventional ventilation mode and 18 ℃ under enhanced ventilation can provide 40-70% RH range for heating area,which is conducive to the stable preservation of the building;if intermittent heating is applied in winter,the room shall be well insulated and the system shall be preheated before switching the operation mode from night to day.This study summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various heating systems used in historical buildings open to the public,and analyzed the deterioration mechanism of the main environmental risk factors faced by buildings in the heating period.At the same time,relying on the specific renovation project of a Chinese traditional temple building,through monitoring and simulation,Rich quantitative data related to the preservation status and comfort improvement effect of brick historical buildings when applying different heating temperatures,heating operation modes and ventilation strategies were obtained.The research results can be applied to all kinds of buildings with similar use and space characteristics,and provide reference and guidance for the implementation of reasonable heating in winter,so as to promote the long-term development of the activation and reuse of historical buildings.Words: 67,000;Figure: 107;Table:2... |
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