| In recent years,the Internet of vehicles has developed rapidly with the maturity of computer technology and related hardware equipment.Massive vehicle data is transmitted in the network,so the security of data storage and sharing in the Internet of vehicles system is higher.Traditional centralized storage mode of Internet of vehicles system is vulnerable to single point of attack,resulting in data leakage and damage,which cannot guarantee the security and privacy of vehicle users.Aiming at this,this paper designs a safe and efficient storage and sharing scheme of data in the Internet of vehicles based on alliance chain and edge computing.The decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics of alliance chain are utilized to ensure the security and high efficiency of data storage in the Internet of vehicles.In combination with edge computing,data storage tasks are distributed to the edge of the road to reduce data transmission delay.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)In view of the data tampering and leakage problems caused by the current centralized storage of the Internet of Vehicles,blockchain is introduced into the Internet of vehicles,and the architecture of secure storage and sharing of the Internet of vehicles data based on the alliance chain is designed.The architecture realizes distributed data storage and data query with the help of the alliance chain.Firstly,combined with Road Side Unit(RSU),a data storage scheme of vehicle network based on Kademlia algorithm is proposed.The original vehicle data and abstract data are stored in the edge RSU and alliance chain respectively,and the Kademlia algorithm is used to locate and search the vehicle data quickly,which improves the data storage efficiency.Then,the optimal storage resource allocation strategy is proposed to improve Kademlia.Considering the storage differences among RSUs,resources are preferentially allocated to the RSUs with the highest storage performance,balancing the load among RSUs.Finally,the vehicle data sharing based on smart contract is realized.A data sharing incentive mechanism based on vehicle reputation is proposed.Through the data sharing frequency between vehicles,data freshness and data authenticity to comprehensively evaluate vehicles,improve the security of data sharing.Through theoretical analysis and experimental simulation,the proposed scheme is compared with the traditional blockchain-based data storage scheme for the Internet of vehicles.The throughput increases by 12.7%,and the efficiency of querying vehicle registration information and vehicle data increases by 38.2% and 49.1% respectively.It is verified that the scheme enhances data privacy while protecting vehicle data security,reduces data transmission delay,and provides support for efficient data sharing.(2)As the number of RSU consensus nodes increases in the blockchain of Internet of vehicles,there exists a large consensus delay.An improved practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm was proposed based on the communication delay and reputation score grouping of RSU nodes(GPBFT).The RSU nodes with low communication delay were grouped,and the behaviors of participating consensus nodes were evaluated within the group by using the reputation score mechanism of nodes,and the RSU nodes participating in consensus were randomly selected.By using node grouping,the system becomes a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism model with multiple consensus groups and multiple leading nodes,thus reducing consensus delay on the basis of reducing the number of consensus nodes.Through theoretical and experimental simulation of the performance of GPBFT consensus algorithm,and experimental analysis of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity,and compared with traditional PBFT consensus algorithm,it is verified that GPBFT consensus algorithm effectively improves the stability and security of system consensus,and is more suitable for the Internet of vehicles. |
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