Genetic Diversity And Relationship Analysis Of Henan Local Tea Germplasm Resources

Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)originated from southwest China,where tea germplasm resources are abundant.The local tea germplasm resources has strong adaptability to local growing environment,which contain a weath of excellent and resistance genes.It’s important for us to understand and master the diversity of local tea germplasm resources,and it is critically necessary to excavate the fine-traits and rare resources.Henan province is one of the main area of Jiangbei tea production district,in which has a long history of producting tea.But the research to Henan local tea germplasm resources was few than the other tea districts.In this study,we surveyed the local tea germplasm resources in Henan,and analyzed the diversity in leaf phenotypic characteristics,biochemical components and gene.The regional evolutionary path of tea germplasm resources in Henan had also been ayalyzed by the relationship of several provinces’ in this study.The main results are as followed:1.We looked for and surveyed more than 20 tea landraces garden in 8 counties’ 11 villages of Henan province,and summarized 38 phenotypic characteristics of tea plants in spring and autumn.119 materials were gathered through their differences in phenotypic characteristics,meanwhile mading the leaf specimens.Finally we sorted out the corresponding graphic materials.2.As the analysis of the leaf phenotypic characteristics had revealed,13 descriptive characteristics of 119 materials distributed at their levels,and showed concentration to some extent.The mean of leaf’s diversity index(H")and variable coefficient(CV)respectively was 1.32,36.18%.The 119 materials were divided into 35 types through leaf area,leaf shape and leaf color,which were the most concerned during tea production.The results turned out that Henan local tea germplasm resources had rich phenotypic diversity.3.The analysis of biochemical components showed that the mean of H’ and CV was 2.02,23.16%respectively.The biochemical components acted a certain diversity.4.We had made a principal component analysis of materials by combining three major phenotypic characteristics and five biochemical component,the four principal components cumulative contribution rate is 75.859%.There are four categories of tea germplasm resources by the way of clustering analysis,and different characteristics between different categories showed significant differences besides "leaf shape".5.A total of 15 rare germplasms and 8 fine-traits germplasms were screened from all surveyed resources.6.43 pairs of EST-SSR primers were selected for analyzing the genetic diversity of 119 Henan local tea germplasm resources.The average polymorphism information content(PIC),was 0.7359,indicating a high level of polymorphism.The mean of observed heterozygosity(Ho)and Nei’s value(H)was 0.8464,0.7663 respectively.High genetic diversities of these germplasms could be found by EST-SSR markers.7.Most of Henan local tea germplasm resources were closest to these in Shaanxi in genetic distance according to neighbor-joining method,a part of Henan tea germplasm resources was close to Anhui and Sichuan.And the genetic distances between Yunnnan and Guizhou,Guangxi and Hubei are relatively close.We speculated that the local tea germplasm resources in Henan may originate from the Yunnan-Guizhou region,and then passed through Sichuan and Shaanxi to Henan in the end.Some resources may also come from Anhui.