| At present,the application rate of chemical fertilizers in China is too high,the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers is low,and the cost of ecological resources is large.After the application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers,the soil can be fertilized and the yield per unit area of crops can be increased.The Huaihe River Basin is an important commodity grain base in Anhui Province and plays an irreplaceable role in Anhui’s grain harvest.However,excessive use of chemical fertilizers has also led to a deterioration in the agro-ecological environment and an increase in non-point source pollution.In order to improve the utilization rate of agricultural waste resources and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in the Huaihe River Basin,the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the improvement of soil fertility will be realized.In this paper,the wheat in the Huaihe River area of Anhui Province was used as the experimental research object.The organic fertilizer was used instead of the chemical fertilizer field experiment,and no fertilizer(CK),100%fertilizer(UF),20%organic fertilizer+80%fertilizer(OF20),40%organic fertilizer+60%fertilizer(OF40)and 100%organic fertilizer(OF 100)treatment group,the effects of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on soil fertility,wheat yield and microbial community structure were determined.Exploring the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer to replace fertilizer,and providing a theoretical basis for increasing the efficiency of fertilization along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.The main results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer can increase wheat yieldCompared with the non-fertilizer treatment group,the yields of UF,OF20,OF40 and OF 100 increased by 31.47%,46.96%,19.45%and 23.18%,respectively,reaching a significant difference.Compared with the single-fertilizer treatment group,the fertilizer yield of the OF20 treatment group increased by 11.79%(P<0.05).(2)Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical propertiesCompared with the non-fertilization treatment group,The contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus were respectively increased.The increase was 1.12%～14.61%,13.44%～37.62%(P<0.05),and the pH value was 5.40～5.50(P<0.05).Compared with the single-fertilizer treatment group,the content of organic matter and alkali nitrogen increased by 1.67%～2.90%and 2.24%～8.72%,respectively.Compared with single application fertilizer,the content of available phosphorus increased by 12.01%(P<0.05);total nitrogen content increased by 4.44%～13.33%,of which OF 100 treatment group(P<0.05);available potassium content increased by 1.91%～4.78%,of which OF20 treatment group reached Significant level of difference.(3)Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer can increase soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogenStudies on soil enzyme activity in farmland showed that urease activity increased by 13.39%～22.05%(P<0.05),phosphatase activity increased by 18.87%～31.56%(P<0.05),and invertase activity was compared between the fertilization and non-fertilization treatment groups.The increase was 0.80%to 10.47%(P<0.05).Compared with the single-fertilizer treatment group,the sucrase activity of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer increased by 5.57%%to 9.59%(P<0.05).Compared with the non-fertilization treatment group,the SMBC content of UF,OF20,OF40 and OF100 soils increased by 13.20%(P<0.05),12.53%(P<0.05),21.67%(P<0.05)and 15.60%,respectively(P<0.05);Soil SMBN content increased by 10.53%(P<0.05),13.50%(P<0.05),8.45%(P<0.05),and 17.20%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the single-fertilizer treatment group,the SMBN content of OF 100 treatment increased by 6.02%(P<0.05).(4)Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer can improve soil microbial community structureThe results of bacterial community showed that the application of Organic manure could increase the diversity of soil bacterial community and had a greater impact on the bacterial richness index.At the level of the door,Organic manures replaced fertilizers with similar bacterial flora,and the abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Acidobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were higher.It is a dominant flora,and the proportion is different.Among them,with the use of Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer,Proteobacteria showed a growing trend of functional flora,Acidobacteria showed a decreasing trend of acid-tolerant flora,and soil microbial community structure improved.Combined with αβ diversity cluster analysis,the composition of bacterial communities in fertilized soil samples was similar,increasing the richness and diversity of microbial communities while maintaining them.The results of fungal community showed that the application of Organic manure could also increase the diversity and richness index of soil fungal community.At the level of the door,the fungal flora treated with Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer is similar,namely Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota,Rozellomycota,etc.,but the proportion is not the same.Among them,Ascomycota is the first abundance of soil fungi,and it is treated with Organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer,and the proportion is decreasing.Combined with the αβ diversity cluster analysis,the application of Organic manure has a great influence on the soil fungal community structure. |
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