| Hard ticks are extracorporeal hematophagous parasites,which are widely distributed and seriously harmful and also are the medium of many kinds of pathogens.Turpan and other places are the typical epidemic area of theileriosis,it was reported that the total index of ticks in body surface of cattle was610.33,so exploring the biological characteristics of media ticks,study on communication mode and its comprehensive prevention and control is imminent.This study is based on morphology,molecular biology,statistics and systematic taxonomy,community composition analysis and species identification of the Hyalomma in cattle in the endemic area of North and South Xinjiang,and research the biological characteristics,age transmission characteristics and pathogens of the Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.The community composition,taxonomic status and dominant species of Hyalomma in the endemic area of North and South Xinjiang were identified.The characteristics and local epidemic characteristics of the transmission of bovine theileriasis were revealed,and this study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of ticks and tick borne theileriosis disease.(1)In this experiment,the hard ticks were collected from 8 test sites in epidemic area of North and South Xinjiang(n=17555),species identification of these ticks was carried out by morphological and molecular biological methods.Results showed that 9141 Hyalomma were identified from 17555 hard ticks,they were belong to Hyalomma anatolicum,Hyalomma asiaticm,Hyalomma detritum,Hyalomma dromedarii By homology comparison of ITS2 gene,the homology of the 4 kinds of Hyalomma sequences were 100%,99%,100%,99%,respectively(the login number is: HQ005303,KC203390,JQ737102,JQ737103).(2)In order to investigate and study the population structure of the transmission vector of bovine theileriosis,the population structure of ticks identified in test I was analyzed by morphological and molecular biology methods.Result showed that,Hyalomma anatolicum as the dominant population in this study,the relative dominance was up to 41.02,the infection rate of tick and tick index were 100% and83.33,respectively,the species richness(S)of cattle collected in the area was 4,the diversity(H′)index was 1.2823,the species evenness index(J′)was 0.9250,and the dominance index(C′)was 0.2994.The tick index of Hyalomma anatolicum was the highest among the 8 experimental points,it was 625.00,the tick index of Xiaxiang village was the highest in 8 experimental points,it was 324.84,and the community richness and diversity index of Xiaxiang village,Bostan Township,Turpan and Fuhai County were relatively high.(3)This study made Hyalomma anatolicum as pattern species,studied the developmental characteristics and morphological characteristics of Hyalomma anatolicum.By using statistics,molecularbiology and SEM methods.Result showed that,under laboratory conditions,Hyalomma anatolicum can exhibit the second host ticks and the third host ticks,and the completion of a generation of their life history required 115 + 14.832 d,but when they were in bad environment,reproductive diapause appeared.Obvious differences were in each age of Hyalomma anatolicum,larval ticks had 3 pairs of legs,but had no spiracular plates,spiracularspot,araea porosae or genital opening.The fourth pairs of legs,spiracular platesand posterior sulcus of anus of nymph ticks were developed,but had no spiracularspot,araea porosae or genital opening.Adult ticks had 4 pairs of legs,spiracular plates,spiracularspot,araea porosae(female)andgenital opening;the basic capituli of larval ticks and nymph ticks were triangular,and of the adult ticks were square.Goblet body of nymph ticks were neatly and sparsely arranged,spiracular plates of adult ticks were divers(tongue shape and ear shape)etc.(4)The experiment selected the potential media Hyalomma anatolicum for the cattle,which was highly aggressive as the experimental object,PCR was used to detect whether every age group of Hyalomma anatolicum were carrying the bovine Theileria annulata,and whether they had “transovarian transmission”and “age” propagation characteristics.Result showed that,the Hyalomma anatolicum can transmit bovine theileriosis by age. |
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