Effects Of Straw Mulching Under Different Tillage Methods On Soil Quality And Growth Of The Corn

Corn is an important food crop and feed crop,and its straw is an important,renewable and natural organic fertilizer source in the crop production system,which can enhance the microbial activity,increase the yield and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.However,straw utilization rate is low,and it is in the state of high pollution,high consumption and low output.The technology of straw mulching has been widely demonstrated in ningxia irrigated area,but the technology of straw mulching and seed maize is still in the experimental stage,which needs further research.Based on this,this study carried out under different cultivation way of grain corn straw returned the best mode of screening,without straw counters-field set+no-till,half the amount of straw counters-field set(A)+no-till(B),full amount of straw counters-field+no-till(C),no straw counters-field+commune(D),half the amount of straw counters-field+commune(E)and returning straw full amount+the commune(F)6 kinds of patterns on soil physical and chemical properties,enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil microbial community structure,so as to the application of straw returned to the grain corn growth and development to provide theoretical support.The main research results are as follows:1.Compared with the treatment without straw returning to the field,the straw returning to the field in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers changed the physical properties of the cultivated soil and increased the soil nutrient content.The deep turnover treatment of the full amount of straw returning to the field showed obvious performance.In the 0-20cm soil layer,the soil nutrient content of treatment F,E,B and C was higher than that of other treatments,and the total nitrogen content of treatment F was 18%and 56%higher than that of treatment D and A.The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of E and F was significantly different.The soil available p content of treatment F increased by 17%-71%compared with other treatments.The pH difference of each treatment was not obvious.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus in the 20-40cm layer of soil were significantly different from the lowest values,increasing by about 65%.2.In the soil layers of 0-20cm and 20-40cm,straw mulching increased the enzyme activity of maize rhizosphere soil.The soil enzyme activity of straw mulching treatments was higher than that of no-till treatments.Compared with that before sowing,urease activity in 0-20cm soil decreased,urease and sucrase activity in 20-40cm soil decreased,and the activity of urease and sucrase in each layer of soil under no-till treatment of total straw returning to the field was higher than that before sowing.The biological quantity and abundance index of bacteria were increased when the straw was returned to the field.No-tillage treatments of straw mulching improved the index of fungus diversity and richness,and deep mulching treatments of straw mulching improved the index of soil bacteria and fungi evenness Pielou.The number of fungus organisms was decreased by no-tillage treatment and increased by straw mulching treatment.The abundance of proteobacteria and acidobacteria was increased by straw mulching.The abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,the dominant strains of rhizosphere soil fungi,was increased by deep rotation of straw mulching.3.The yield of cultivated land under full straw reverse-tilling treatment was higher than that under no-till treatment.Different methods of straw reverse-tilling improved maize plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index and dry matter quality.There was A significant difference in maize yield in treatment C,and A higher yield in treatment F.The yield of each treatment was successively F>D>A>C>B>E.In short,straw returning to the field can cultivate fertilizer,promote the growth and development of corn seeds,improve crop yield.The mode of returning full amount of straw to the field is feasible locally,which can be used as an excellent mode of returning full amount of corn straw to the field.