| Shanlan upland rice(Oryza Sativa L.)originated from the mountainous areas in Hainan province and it has a series of traditional upland rice varieties.Shanlan upland rice was taken more than 2000 years to suit for cultivation in dry mountainous regions by the Li and Miao people.It has significant social,ecological,economic,cultivation and germplasm values.However,the current situation of Shanlan upland rice’s development was worrying,and the germplasm resources were endangered and in urgent need of protection.In order to further develop and utilize Shanlan upland rice to put forward the ecological cultivation technology of high yield,high quality,high efficiency production,and our laboratory proposed a new cultivation model of down-hill.Cultivation in Shanlan upland rice through the flooding irrigation was a successful case.However,many people doubted about whether the rice quality was debased and they considered the reason why there was difference between dry and flooding cultivation.Aiming at this problem,the experiment set up five cultivation methods: ordinary flooding cultivation(OFD),film-mulching flooding cultivation(FMF),alternate flooding and drying cultivation(AFD),film-mulching alternate flooding and drying cultivation(FFD)and traditional drying cultivation(CK).The photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content,yield,sink capacity,yield components,non-structural carbohydrate of the stem and sheath,and cross-section anatomy of the panicle’ neck were measured to explore the source and sink characteristics by different cultivation methods and analyzed the major factor leading to high yield.Changes of rice quality under different cultivation methods were analyzed by studying the appearance quality,processing and grinding quality,cooking and eating quality and nutrient quality of Shanlan upland rice.The main results were as follows:1.The effect of dry and flooding cultivation on source,sink and flow characteristics of Shanlan upland rice(1)Compared with CK,the OFD,FMF,AFD,FFD can significantly improve chlorophyll content in booting stage and net photosynthetic rate.But water use efficiency in OFD and FMF was significantly lower than that in CK and there was no significant difference among AFD,FFD and CK.This indicated that OFD,FMF,AFD,FFD can significantly improve the ability of the source to synthesize organic compounds,which OFD and FMF improved greater.(2)The theoretical yield,the actual yield and the biological yield of Shanlan upland rice all presented the following sequence: FMF >OFD > FFD > AFD > CK.The actual yield of Shanlan upland rice was significantlyincreased by 244.48%,210.75%,64.18% and 39.70%,respectively.Total sink capacity was shown as: FMF > OFD > FFD > AFD >CK.The seed-setting rates of OFD and FMF were significantly higher than that of CK,increasing by 15.00% and 10.61%,respectively.The OFD and FF can significantly improve the effective panicles per hill,seed setting rate and spikelet numbers.(3)The transfer volume and rate of non-structural carbohydrate in the stem and sheath under OFD and FMF were significantly higher than that under CK,while AFD and FFD presented a negative transferred effect.Diameters of panicle’s neck in OFD,FMF and AFD were significantly higher than that in CK,which increased by 24.44%,34.44% and 22.78% respectively.Among them,the diameter of panicle’s neck in FMF was the largest,which was 2.42 mm.However,there was no significant difference between FFD and CK.The numbers of large vascular bundles only in OFD were significantly higher than those in CK,with an increase of 20.02%.The numbers of small vascular bundle in four cultivation methods were all higher than those in CK.2.The effect of dry and flooding cultivation on rice quality of Shanlan upland rice(1)Among the appearance quality,grain length,grain width,length-width ratio,chalky degree,chalky grain rate all had no significant difference in different cultivation methods.The chalky grain rate and chalky degree in OFD were largest,with 42.00% and12.80%,respectively.The chalky grain rate in FMF was lowest,which was 33.67%.This shows that cultivation methods had few effects on the appearance quality of Shanlan upland rice.(2)The brown rice rate,a part of processing and grinding quality,had no significant difference among different cultivation methods.The milled rice rate and head rice rate in OFD and FMF were significantly higher than that in CK.The milled rice rate in OFD and FMF was significantly higher than that in CK,with increased 25.00% and8.33%,respectively.(3)Under different cultivation methods,the amylose content of Shanlan upland rice changed slightly,and the overall trend of the change was that the two cultivation methods of flooding cultivation were larger than the two cultivation methods of AFD cultivation,and the traditional drying cultivation was the lowest.Gel consistency was middle in CK,while were hard in other cultivation methods.(4)The total protein content in CK was the highest(252.89);while in OFD was the lowest(184.46).The total protein content in CK was significantly higher than that in OFD and FMF,with increased by 37.10% and 18.38%,respectively. |
PDF Full Text Request