| In the production of wheat and corn,the unreasonable input of chemical fertilizer and the little application of organic fertilizer result in the low fertilizer utilization efficiency,the decline of soil ecological environment quality and the imbalance of microbial community.Bio organic fertilizer can improve the above problems and is also the main means to realize green and sustainable development of agriculture.In this paper,two winter wheat and summer maize rotation systems were selected as the research objects.Seven treatments were set up in Mengcun,Ningjin County,Xingtai City and Mazhuang station,Xinji City,Shijiazhuang City:100%chemical fertilizer(T1),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 15%chemical fertilizer(T2),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 30%chemical fertilizer(T3),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 45%chemical fertilizer(T4),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 60%chemical fertilizer(T5),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 75%chemical fertilizer(T6),bio-organic fertilizer replacing 100%chemical fertilizer(T7).The effects of bio-organic fertilizer on dry matter,nutrient accumulation,yield formation and soil chemical properties were studied in two sites and four crops in two years:(1)T3 treatment showed the best dry matter accumulation in Ningjin and Xinji plots in 2018,which was 3.3%～8.0%higher than T1 treatment.With the increase of the application times of bio-organic fertilizer in the process of crop planting,the accumulation of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in T3 treatment was better than that in T1 treatment.T3 treatment in Ningjin increased by 5.8%,5.3%and 3.9%respectively in wheat season,16.6%,17.9%and 15.9%in maize season,34.5%,39.4%,18.0%in Xinji,and 4.1%,29.6%and 15.5%in maize season.(2)The results showed that the grain yield and its components were T3>T2>T1>T4>T5>T6>T7.The yield of wheat and maize in T3 treatment in Ningjin was increased by 5.2%and 8.0%respectively compared with that of T1 treatment.The yield of wheat and maize in Xinji increased by 4.0%and 6.2%respectively.T3 treatment promoted grain yield,effective panicle number,1000 grain weight and grain number per ear.With the increase of output value,the economic benefits of T3 treatment also increased.The net income of wheat and corn in Ningjin increased by 577 yuan/hm2 and 677 yuan/hm2 respectively,while that of Xinji wheat and maize increased by 382 yuan/hm2 and 592 yuan/hm2 respectively.(3)Compared with T1,the grain yield of T3 treatment in Ningjin increased by 6.6%and the net income increased by 627 yuan/hm2.The grain yield of T3 treatment in Xinji increased by 5.1%and 487 yuan/hm2 on average.Compared with T1,the grain yield of T3 treatment increased by 5.9%and the net income increased by 557 yuan/hm2.(4)The results showed that the organic matter content of surface soil increased by 16.9%and 6.3%,NH4+-N increased by 10%～25%,NO3--N leaching decreased by 10%-30%,available phosphorus increased by 5%～25%,and available potassium content increased by 3%-9%in Ningjin and Xinji experimental plots.In conclusion,the crops of two years and four crops in two locations show that the replacement of 30%chemical fertilizer with bio organic fertilizer can effectively promote nutrient absorption and utilization of wheat and maize,increase crop yield,improve soil properties,and increase crop net income,which can be popularized and used in future grain production. |
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