Responses Of Crop Growth And Soil Physical And Chemical Properties To Different Mechanical Farming Methods

Aiming to solve the problems of shallow ploughing and fertilizing caused by long-term traditional shallow tillage and fertilization,the effects of mechanized farming on crop growth and soil physical and chemical properties of wheat and corn rotation system were studied,and the reasonable cultivation methods of grain field soil were explored.In this paper,field experiment and laboratory analysis were used,In the summer maize season of Mazhuang experimental station in Xinji City,four treatments were set up,including ordinary shallow tillage fertilization(MT1),common shallow tillage fertilization(MT2),deep subsoiling full layer fertilization(MT3)and subsoiling two fertilizer ectopic layered fertilization(MT4).Four treatments were set up in winter wheat season in Baimu village,jiajiakou Town,Ningjin County:shallow tillage+15 cm equal row spacing sowing(WT1),shallow tillage+7.5 cm equal row spacing sowing(WT2),deep ploughing+7.5 cm equal row spacing sowing(WT3),and subsoiling+15 cm equal row spacing sowing(WT4).The yield of corn and wheat were analyzed after harvest.On the basis of straw returning,the growth characteristics,nutrient utilization,yield,economic benefits and soil physical and chemical properties of summer maize and winter wheat under different mechanized cultivation methods were studied.The main results were listed as follows:(1)Compared with shallow tillage,different mechanized cultivation methods in Xinji increased maize stem diameter,leaf chlorophyll SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,plant nutrient accumulation,yield and economic benefits.At the mature stage,the dry matter accumulation of MT4 was increased by 26.49%,8.35%compared with MT1,MT2,the total N,P and K accumulation were promoted by 18.52%～20.80%,9.84%～19.42%,4.96%～12.11%,yield was advanced by 5.67%-14.45%,partial productivity of N,P and K fertilizer were increased by 2.92～6.88,7.89～18.59,6.07～14.30 kg/kg,and economic benefit was increased by 1491～2259 yuan/hm2.(2)Compared with shallow tillage,different mechanized cultivation methods in Ningjin wheat season increased total stem number,plant height,plant leaf-area,dry matter accumulation,plant nutrient accumulation,yield and economic benefits.Compared with WT1,WT2 and WT4,the total stem number of WT3 was increased by 30.23%,3.03%and 17.60%.Compared with other treatments,WT4 treatment was increased dry matter accumulation by 4.20%-15.94%,total N,P and K accumulation were promoted by 7.74%～25.40%,1.98%～6.56%and 1.08%～14.20%,yield was advanced by 2.9%～17.1%,partial productivity of N,P and K fertilizer were increased by 0.11～11.60,0.19～20.62,0.25～26.52 kg/kg,and economic benefit was increased by 819～2440 yuan/hm2.(3)Compared with shallow tillage,the soil compactness of MT4 treatment was decreased by 25.51%in mature stage,soil water content was increased by 23.34%in growth period,and the absorption of NO3--N,NH4+-N,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 10.10%,31.99%,13.29%and 17.34%respectively in 0～40 cm soil layer.Compared with shallow tillage,the soil bulk density of WT4 treatment was decreased by 6.03%at maturity stage,soil water content was increased by 16.10%in growth period,and the absorption of NO3--N,NH4+-N,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 17.97%,15.01%,51.97%and 41.37%respectively in 0～40 cm soil layer.In conclusion,subsoiling could improve the poor soil properties and low fertilizer utilization rate caused by long-term single shallow tillage,reduce soil compactness and bulk density,enhance soil water and fertilizer conservation capacity,and provide a good soil environment for corn and wheat growth.Maize subsoiling two fertilizer heterotopic layered fertilization(MT4)and wheat subsoiling+15 cm equal row spacing sowing(WT4)could improve crop yield,promote nutrient utilization,improve topsoil nutrients,and enhance economic benefits.It can be recommended to use in Hebei grain field,which provides a scientific basis for the promotion of new mechanized farming in the study area.It can be recommended respectively in the process of crop planting in Huang Huai Hai grain field,which provides a certain scientific basis for the popularization of new mechanized farming.