Study On Different Organs Morphological Structures And Growing Characters Of Paris Polyphylla Smith Var.chinensis

Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis（Franch.）Hara is a plant of the genus liliaceae,which used the rhizome as a medicinal part and is clinically used for the treatment of uterine bleeding,mumps and chronic bronchitis.The medicinal materials are mainly from wild resources.In this study,the morphological structure,physiological characteristics and chemical composition content of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis in its growing period were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis in its flowering area.The main results are as follows:1.The palisade tissue and spongy tissue of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis are not clearly differentiated,and their leaves belong to bifacial leaf.The content of starch granules in the leaves is less,and the shape is nearly round,which is quite different from Platycodon grandiflorus.According to histochemical localization technique,it was found that the distribution of Polyphyllin in the current roots and old roots of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis is the same:vascular tissue>cortical tissue>epidermal tissue.2.From April to August,acrial part dry matter accumulation of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis shows a“slow-fast-slow”S-shaped growth rule.The aerial part dry matter accumulation can be divided into two stages:gentle accumulation period and fast accumulation period.The content of nitrogen and potassium in the underground part gradually decreased during the process of vegetative growth to reproductive growth.The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulated in the new roots in last years gradually transferred to some acrial part organs from April to May,and the accumulation of nutrients began from June.The study on the change of carbohydrates during the growth process of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis from April to August,which showed that the stems and leaves are rich in fructose and glucose.The saccharides in the new and old roots are mainly sucrose,fructose and glucose,and the types and contents of saccharides are similar;The sucrose content of fibrous roots is about twice that of new roots and old roots from June to August,with a maximum of 12.858 mg/g.Studies on the composition of polyphyllin show that:the aerial part has higher content of diosgenin,and the underground part has higher content of partial pennogenin;Polyphyllin V is only distributed onacrial part,and the presence of Polyphyllin V is not detected in the underground part;The content of Polyphyllin VI in new roots and old roots was extremely low and was not detected in some months.3.It has been proved by shading tests in different areas:Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis planted in Haidian District of Beijing should adopt 95%shading measures,which can improve the net photosynthetic rate of leaves;Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis planted in Guangze County,Fujian Province should use 75%shading treatment to reduce the damage of the leaves to light suppression.Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics of sepals show that:The sepal respiration rate of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis was higher than the photosynthetic rate during the period of photosynthesis,which was in the state of consuming organic matter,in order to facilitate the organic material distribution of other organs,it is recommended to remove sepals when planting in Haidian district;the net photosynthetic rate of Paris fargesii sepals reached 1.329 mol·m^-2s^-1,slightly higher than that of leaves.The photosynthetic characteristics of four species of Paris were tested and found that:the phenomenon of"midday depression of photosynthesis"occurs around 14:00 after the"northward movement"of Paris Fargesii,Paris qiliangiana,Paris mairei and Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis.And the photoinhibition of Paris mairei is more serious.