Growth And Development Characteristic Of Monochasma Savatieri

Monochasma savatieri Franch.ex Maxim is a perennial semi-parasitic herb of the Monochasma in Scrophulariaceae.In our country,the dried whole herbs are used as medicines,the taste is slightly bitter,astringent and even.They have the functions of clearing heat and detoxification,cooling blood and stopping bleeding,dispelling wind and relieving pain.They were mainly used for treating colds,toothache,irregular menstruation,cough,pneumonia,fever,sores and swelling.Modern studies have shown that the main secondary metabolites of M.savatieri are flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,alkaloids and saponins,which have anti-inflammatory,antitussive and bacteriostatic effects.Clinically,it is the main raw material of Yanning Granule.It has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxification,eliminating inflammation and stopping dysentery.It was used for upper respiratory tract infection,tonsillitis,enteritis and so on.Wild M.savatieri is only distributed in mountainous and hilly areas of southeastern China and in the islands of Jiuzhou tiancao in Japan and Korea.In recent years,due to overexploitation and environmental damage,the wild resources of M.savatieri are on the verge of extinction,but the market demand for it is increasing.At present,there are only a few studies on tissue culture,seed dormancy and chemical composition of M.sai,atieri,and few reports on its growth and development characteristics.Therefore,a complete understanding of the growth and development characteristics and process of M.savatieri is of great significance to the protection of its germplasm resources,developing artificial cultivation and ensuring the Continuous supply of M.savatieri.In this study,we investigated the Phenophase and host species of M.savatieri.different host-associated treatments,light intensity and water treatment with different gradients were set up.Divide the phenophase of M.savatieri,screened out the host plants which M.savatieri most preferred and evaltated the effects of host plants on the growth and development of M.savatieri.Revealed the influence of light intensity and water condition on its growth and development,and selected the optimum light and water conditions for its growth.In order to reveal its complete growth and development process and lay the foundation for its artificial cultivation.The main results and conclusions are as follows:(1)The study was conducted in the main distribution areas of M.savatieri including Yongfeng and Lushan,Jiangxi province and Yangxin,Hubei province from March 2017 to Feb 2019 Characteristics in each individual period and growth indicators such as plant height,leaf and branch numbers were recorded.The results show that:It was concluded that the emergence period of M.savatieri ranged from April to August,the reproductive tillering period ranged from September to February in the following year,the flowering period ranged from late March to middle April,and the nutrient tillering period ranged from March to August in the next year,the fruiting period ranged middle April to the beginning of May in the following year.phenophase of M.savatieri was divided into 5 periods,including emergence,reproductive tillering,flowering,nutrient tillering and fruiting stages.(2)The growth environment and host species of M.savatieri were investigated in the concentrated distribution areas of M.savatieri in lushan and yongfeng,Jiangxi province and yangxin,Hubei province,also the number of parasitism of each host plant was counted.The results showed that M.savatieri liked sunshine and warm and humid climate,and it was mainly distributed under the sparse forest on the low slopes.The species composition of the community was mainly small shrubs,sparse trees and a few herbs.There are a wide variety of hosts,a total of 32 species of plants from 19 families were found as hosts,among which 8 families and 20 species were newly discovered.Among the 32 host plants,Loropetalum chinensis has the most parasitic relationship with M.savatieri,which was the best host,Miscanthus sinensis,Gardenia jasminoides,Ophiopogon bodinieri as the dominant host.(3)Three kinds of hosts(G.jasminoides,L.Chinensis,Digitaria sanguinalis)and no hosts were set up to test the seed germination and seedling growth and development characteristics of M.savatieri under different host accompany conditions.The results showed that:Host-free and D.sanguinalis associated are beneficial to the seed germination of M.savatieri;Alder-associated is beneficial to the survival of M.savatieri seedlings;Loropetalum chinensis-associated and D.sanguinalis-associated can significantly promote the growth of M.savatieri seedlings.It is concluded that the seed germination of M.savatieri is independent of the host,and the seedlings can survive for a period of time without the host accompanying.The suitable host can promote the growth and development of M.savatieri.As the accompanying plants,L.chinensis and D.sanguinalis show strong advantages.(4)Twelve combined treatments of four light intensities(100%,72%,44%,and 25%full light)with three kinds of mulching methods(direct seed sowing,mulching after sowing,and moss covering on the substrate)were carried out and seed germination characteristics,seedling growth as well as development characteristics of M.savatieri were measured.The results show that:Different light intensities had no significant effect on the germination rate of M.savatieri seeds,but showed remarkable effects on other germination indexes such as germination potential and germination index.It was not conducive to M.savatieri seedling survival with weak light.Film mulching treatment showed striking advantages in the germinating stage of M.savatieri,and 44%or 72%full light were beneficial for the germination of M.savatieri.The growth indexes of the seedlings in the mulching treatment were better than those in the direct seed sowing treatment.(5)A complete combination experiment was conducted by setting three watering frequencies during the germination period M1(once per day),M2(once per two days),M3(once per three days)and another three watering frequencies during the seedling period Y1(once per day),Y2(once per two days),Y3(once per three days),seed germination characteristics and seedling growth and development characteristics of M.savatieri under different watering frequencies were explored.Results:With the increase of watering frequency during germination period,the germination rate of M.savatieri seeds increased and the germination speed showed faster.At the seedling stage,reducing the watering frequency increased the seedling survival rate and appropriate drought treatment at the seedling stage could promote the root elongation and increase fresh weight of M.savatieri seedlings.It suggested that at the germination stage of M.savatieri,sufficient water should be supplied to promote its germination and increase the germination speed and uniformity.At the seedling stage,the water supply should be controlled.Appropriate drought treatment is beneficial for its survival and later growth.