Identification And Analysis Of Stem Related Traits In Different Wheat Germplasms

Wheat is an important food crop in China and even in the world,and its high and stable yield is self-evident for ensuring Chinese food security.In recent years,with improved production conditions,the contradiction between wheat lodging and high yield has become more prominent,and lodging has seriously restricted the high yield and quality of wheat.It is essential to research the lodging resistance of wheat varieties.In order to understand the stalk characteristics of different wheat germplasm resources and clarify their value in wheat genetic improvement,this experiment uses high-generation wheat lines,hexaploid Triticale,and different alien addition lines as materials.Characters such as plant height and internode structure,culm structure characteristics,culm thickness,and mechanical properties of bending resistance were identified and analyzed.The main results obtained are as follows:(1)The average plant height of wheat varieties(lines)bred in recent years in the Huanghuai area is about 85 cm.The average plant height of rye is about 191 cm,and the average plant height of hexaploid Triticale is about 148 cm.The average plant height of the Chinese Spring background addition line is about 117 cm,and the additional foreign chromosomes cause a significant difference in plant height.The average plant height of the octoploid Triticum aestivum is about 100 cm.(2)The investigated wheat varieties(lines)bred in the Huanghuai area mostly have 5-6nodes,and the length of each node is relatively shorter than other materials used in this study.The rye used in this study mostly has 6-7 nodes,and the length of each node is the longest.The hexaploid Triticale also has 6-7 nodes,the length of the internodes under the panicle is similar to that of rye,and the length of the second,third,fourth,and base internodes is significantly shorter than that of rye,which makes its plant height shorter than that of rye.The Chinese Spring background additional line has 5-6 nodes,and the length of each node is medium;the first and second nodes under the panicle of the octoploid wheatgrass are longer than the parent Yannong 15,the gap between the other nodes is more minor.The change of the same internode length of different materials is consistent with the change of the plant height.The higher the plant height,the longer the internode length,indicating that the increase in plant height of most materials is due to the overall uniform increase in the length of each internode.(3)The plant height component index IL of wheat varieties(lines)bred in recent years in Huanghuai wheat area,rye,hexaploid Triticale,Chinese spring background additional line octoploid Trititrigia are 0.52,0.53,0.57,0.58,0.62.(4)The breaking force of each internode of the Chinese spring background additional line is the smallest.The breaking force of each internode of wheat varieties(lines)bred in the Huanghuai area is the second.However,the wall thickness of each node is significantly higher than that of hexaploid Triticale and different types of additional lines.Rye has the smallest inner and outer diameter values between the first,second,fourth,and fifth nodes under the panicle.The wall thickness of the first,second,fourth,and fifth nodes under the panicle is the smallest;the hexaploid Triticale has a higher breaking force between the nodes,the third,fourth,and fifth the outer diameter of the internodes is the largest,and the inner diameters of the first to the fifth are the largest;the octoploid Trititrigia has the most significant breaking force between the third and fourth nodes.(5)The average ear length of wheat varieties(lines)bred in the Huanghuai area is 9.9cm,the average number of spikelets is 21.8,and the average number of grains per spike is 52.6;the average value of ear length,spikelets,and grain number per spike is hexaploid Triticale is similar;the average spike length and grain number per spike are lower in the Chinese spring background additional line;the spike length and spikelet number of octoploid trititrigia are higher,but the grain number per spike is low.Based on the above results,it is found that the internode wall thickness and breaking force of the hexaploid Triticale stalk are relatively high,the lodging resistance is strong,the ears are large,and the grains are largest.The higher plant height composition index of the octoploid Trititrigia indicates its strong lodging resistance ability.The above characteristics have specific reference significance for the genetic improvement of lodging resistance traits in wheat;a solid wheat material L20190964 was found,and its genetic composition is being identified.