Effects Of Cadmium On Physiology And Quality Formation Of Chrysanthemum Indicum L.

Chrysanthemi indici Flos is the capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum L.,a perennial herb of Chrysanthemum in Chrysanthemum family,which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Version 2015)as common chinese medicinal materials.C.indicum exhibits a broad range of applications on pharmacy and Everyday chemicals,causing the market demand increases markedly.However,because of environmental pollution and artificial overexploitation cause the severe wild resources destruction of C.indicum.The phenomenon of disqualification on Buddleoside content and overproof level of Cd occurred in market of C.indicum.In this experiment,the heavy metal pollution and the content of Buddleoside in C.indicum from different habitats were investigated by using different habitats of C.indicum and soil as the research materials,and Cd stress was performed on the seedlings of C.indicum,to explore the effect of heavy metal stress on the physiology and quality of C.indicum.The following are the results and conclusions of this study:1.There were significant differences on the content of Buddleoside between different habitats;The gray correlation degree between different factors and the content of Buddleoside was the average annual precipitation>average annual sunshine hours>average annual temperature>longitude>annual frost-free period>latitude>altitude.The element of Cd was highly enriched in C.indicum;the absorption of heavy metal element had synergistic effects;there was a positive correlation between altitude and accumulation of Pb and Cd in C.indicum;there was a positive correlation between latitude and accumulation of Hg and Cu content;there was a negative correlation between longitude and accumulation of Cd content.C.indicum adapted to cultivate in habitats with high longitude,high average annual temperature,high average annual precipitation,low latitude and altitude,which could be benefited for the accumulation of Buddleoside content in C.indicum.2.The chlorophyll content of C.indicum increased in initial stage and then declined with the extension of stress time after Cd stress;the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,proline,antioxidant enzymes,MDA,and the activity of SOD and POD all increased firstly and then declined.Osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzymes played a role in mitigation effects during the process of wistanding Cd stress in C.indicum.When the range of Cd stress concentration between 0～100 mg·kg-1,the biomass of C.indicum showed no significant changes,and the root-crown ratio showed a trend of"decrease-increase-decrease".The content of Cd in different parts of C.indicum were significantly different.The aboveground parts of C.indicum enrichment coefficient were greater than that of underground parts,and the overall enrichment coefficient was greater than 1.With the increasing of Cd stress concentration,the aboveground and underground parts transfer coefficients of C.indicum showed a trend of "decrease-increase-decrease-increase",and the transfer coefficient were all greater than 1.Both the various content of active ingredients in C.indicum and quality of medicinal materials decreased after Cd stress treatment.3.C.indicum contaminated with Cd,after decocting,the content of Cd in decocted residue was significantly higher than its in original medicinal materials,and the content of Cd in the water decocted solution was far more than the limited standard of Cd in residents of drinking water.The Cd element mianly exiseted in the form of residual state and carbonate bounded form before decoction.Both non-residual state Cd and residual state Cd in C.indicum transfered to water decoction solution with the process of decoction.