Germplasm Creation And Anthocyanin Analysis Of Sunflower Sprouts With High Anthocyanin

To establish the high-efficiency mutation system,effects of different ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis conditions on germination and mutation of sunflower seed were confirmed in this study.The extraction and purification process of anthocyanins from "Purple red" sunflower sprout were investigated and the components and biological activity of anthocyanidins were determinated.On the basis of mutants,the inheritance of related traits were stabilized.Different genetic populations of "Purple red" sunflowers were constructed to study the genetic factors that control anthocyanin synthesis in "Purple red" sunflower sprouts,and to improve the quality of purple sunflower sprouts.These findings could supply importanttheoretical bases and research tools for further study.The main results are as follows:Five EMS mutation concentration gradients(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8% and 1.0%)and four induction treatment time gradients(6,12,18 and 24 h)were used to treat sunflower seeds.The results showed that different EMS concentrations,treatments at different times,and the interaction between them have significant effects on sunflower seed germination and mutation.The combination of 0.6%EMS mutagenesis concentration and 18 h induction time is the best mutagenesis condition for sunflower seeds.Using the best EMS mutagenesis conditions,a large number of sunflower seeds were treated and few of sunflower mutations with different colors are screened including "purple red" sunflower mutants with purple-red hypocotyls.The selected sunflower mutants were multi-generationally propagated in greenhouse and field,and a purple sunflower germplasm with stable inheritance,namely "Purple red" was obtained.Different genetical populations were created based on purple red germplasm.A large number of population resources were harvest,and agronomic traits of these genetical populations were compared.The results showed that color of sunflower hypocotyl was controlled by codominant gene(s).The genes controlling anthocyanin synthesis in "Purple red" sunflower sprout can be inherited stably.The segregation of phenotype in genetical populations generally conformed to Mendelian inheritance rules.Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,anthocyanins in sunflower buds were analyzed.The results showed that anthocyanin metabolism library could effectively characterize the anthocyanin components of two sunflowers.Anthocyanin components between "Purple red" sunflower and the "Xinkui No.1" sunflower were obviously different."Purple red" sunflower mutant contains 31 anthocyanins,13 more than the wild-type "Xinkui No.1" sunflower.Among them,the content of delphinidin O-malonylhexoside is the highest,which is much higher than that of the "Xinkui No.1".Contents of each anthocyanin compound in "Purple red" sunflower were significantly higher than that of "Xinkui No.1" sunflower.Exploring the difference between the accumulation and activity of anthocyanin during the growth of "Purple red" sunflower sprouts and wild-type sunflower sprouts: the anthocyanin content in the "Purple red" sunflower sprouts at 7 days is the highest,reaching 0.75 mg/g.which is 30 times higher than that of "Xinkui No.1"(0.02 mg/g),and the correlation was significant(P<0.05).At the same time,the FRAP iron reduction ability,DPPH free radical scavenging ability,and ABTS free radical scavenging ability were the strongest on the seventh day,respectively,which were 1.12 mmol Trolox/mg,76.8%,and 5.64 mmol Trolox/mg,which were dozens of times stronger than the control group.In addition,through graph analysis,the anthocyanin content in "Purple red" sunflower sprouts showed a linear upward trend during the time Period of 0-7 days,reaching a peak at 7 day,and then as the germination time further prolonged,its anthocyanin content showed a slow downward trend.These results could supply important theoretical bases for the practical production of purple sunflower sprouts.The selected "Purple red" sunflower mutant is compared with the original "Xinkui No.1" sunflower has great advantages in anthocyanin,which is of great significance to the marketization of colored sunflower sprouts.