Effect Of Fertilization Modes On Yield And Nitrogen Utilization In Rice Machine Transplanting

There are problems in rice production process,such as unreasonable fertilizer application,excessive nitrogen application and low mechanization level,which seriously hinder the development of green,high quality and high efficiency of rice in China.The key technology of rice machine transplanting with side deep fertilization has the advantages of saving fertilizer application amount,reducing application frequency of artificial fertilization,and being safe and efficient,which is the development trend of rice mechanized production.In recent years,rice machine transplanting with side deep fertilization has developed rapidly in China.This paper explores the effect of fertilization modes on yield and nitrogen utilization of rice machine transplanting in different types and seasons,aiming to provide support for the development of machine-transplanted side deep fertilization technology.The main research results are as follows :1.It was clear that mechanical deep application of slow release fertilizer will not reduce early season rice yield.Zhongzao 39,an early season rice variety,was used as the test material to study the effects of machine transplanting with side deep slow-release fertilizer,artificial application of slow-release fertilizer and artificial application of quick-release fertilizer on the yield,dry matter accumulation,spikelet differentiation and degradation in early rice.The results showed that the yield of machine transplanting with side deep slow-release fertilizer was 3.4 % higher than that of traditional artificial fertilization.The way to increase yield was to increase the number of spikelets per panicle by increasing the number of spikelet differentiation.The effect of machine transplanting with side deep slow-release fertilizer was the most obvious,and the dry matter accumulation increased by 12.3 % compared with the artificial application of slow-release fertilizer.The experiment showed that the machine transplanting with side deep slow-release fertilizer had effect on increasing yield.2.The effects of different fertilization modes on yield and nitrogen utilization of double cropping rice were clarified.And single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen in machine transplanting is enough to meet the formation of high yield nitrogen for double cropping rice.The test materials were early rice Zhongjiazao 17,a conventional indica rice,and late rice Yongyou 1540,a indica-japonica hybrid rice to study the effects of traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen,single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen,different nitrogen ratio and period of one base one topdressing modes on rice yield and nitrogen utilization.The results showed that for the early indica and late japonica double cropping rice cultivation mode,compared with the traditional artificial fertilization,the yield of single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen in machine transplanting was the highest,which was increased by increasing the number of effective panicles and nitrogen agronomy efficiency of single fertilization treatment was higher than other treatments.3.It is clear that there are differences in appropriate fertilization modes for different types of single-cropping hybrid rice.Yongyou 1540 and Tianyouhuazhan were used as experimental materials.The experiment was conducted to study the effects of traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen,single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen,different nitrogen ratio and period of one base one topdressing modes on rice yield and nitrogen utilization.The results showed that Yongyou 1540 reached the highest yield by increasing panicle number and spikelet differentiation number at panicle differentiation stage.However,for Tianyouhuazhan,there was no significant difference in rice yield and dry matter accumulation between topdressing nitrogen at panicle differentiation stage and single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency of Yongyou 1540 topdressing at heading stage was 12.7%,4.5% and 32.2% higher than that of traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen,single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen,70%controlled-release nitrogen as side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting and 30% as topdressing applied at the tillering stage respectively.There was no significant difference in nitrogen agronomic efficiency among treatments for Tianyouhuazhan.Under the condition of rice machine transplanting with side deep fertilization,the topdressing effect of nitrogen fertilizer at panicle differentiation stage was the best for indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1540 with long growth period,while Tianyouhuazhan,a common indica hybrid rice variety,could adopt the single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen mode.4.The effects of different fertilization modes on rice quality of large panicle single-season hybrid rice were clarified.Yongyou 1540 was used as the experimental material to study and compare the effects of different fertilization modes on rice quality,such as traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen,single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen,deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering,deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at panicle initiation.The results showed that compared with traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen,the treatment of deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at panicle initiation increased the head rice rate,alkali digestibility and gel consistency,and reduced the amylose content.This indicated that topdressing at panicle initiation stage could improve the milling quality and cooking quality of mechanical transplanting large panicle single-cropping rice.