Design And Implementation Of Forest Fire Monitoring System Based On Wireless Sensor Network

In recent years,global warming and increasing extreme weather events have resulted in frequent occurrences of forest fires all over the world,which not only cause serious economic losses to various countries and affect their ecological environment,but also pose great threats to the safety of human life;forest fires have become the biggest threat to the construction of ecological civilization and the security of forest resources in China.Forest fire monitoring and early warning are crucial links in the prevention of forest fires,which are also significant means to detect timely and to put out forest fires scientifically.The earlier forest fires are detected,the easier it is to extinguish them before large-scale disasters occur.With the development of the Internet of Things,the wireless sensor network technology has become increasingly mature,providing a new means for forest fire monitoring.In this context,this dissertation used the wireless sensor network technology to design a forest fire monitoring system integrating early fire warning,alarm and node location.First of all,the system can determine whether a forest fire occurs according to the environmental data of the forest area,and give an early warning or alarm.The MQ-2 smoke sensor,flame sensor and SHT21 humidity and temperature sensor were selected and installed on the Zig Bee node to collect forest environment data in accordance with the characteristics of each stage of forest fires.The collected environmental data was then processed on the terminal to determine the occurrence of fires as well as the fire risk level.The fire data processed by the terminal was aggregated by the Zigbee coordinator and forwarded to the NB-Io T module.Then the data was sent to the server via wireless communication to realize fire warning and data query.Secondly,the wireless sensor network localization algorithm was studied in this dissertation.Considering the shortcomings of the classic DV-Hop localization algorithm,the RSSI ranging technology was integrated into the DV-Hop algorithm(BRDV-Hop).The coordinates of an unknown blind node can be obtained based on the coordinates of beacon nodes with the combination of the trilateration method.Finally,a remote server was built based on the LAMP architecture and a Web remote forest fire monitoring system was developed as well,realizing the human-computer interaction and helping forest managers remotely monitor forest conditions.This paper designs and implements a forest fire monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network.As shown by the test results,the design scheme is reasonable,which is of practical significance for forest fire monitoring.This dissertation uses MATLAB to compare and simulate the classic DV-Hop algorithm and the BRDV-Hop algorithm.The simulation results show that the positioning algorithm used in this dissertation has an average relative positioning error reduced by about 14% compared with the classic DV-Hop positioning algorithm,which can be better applied In the forest fire monitoring system.