| The southern mountainous area of Ningnan is one of Northern China’s main areas for potato production.The drought and infertility in this area along with the extensive nutrient management have seriously affected the nutrient supply,absorption,and formation of potato yield.In order to explore suitable cultivation technology for local potato green,fertilizer,water and efficient production,this experiment uses the Qingshu 9 potato variety as the test material.This experiment was conducted in XiJi County of Ningxia in 2019 and 2020 by setting up different split-plot design trial groups using four different types of fertilization methods:no fertilization,farmer habit fertilization,formula fertilizer,and controlled release fertilizer while using four kinds of film no film,white film,black film,and permeable film.A single-factor field test with five different potassium(K2O)levels was conducted with the powder ridge tillage conditions set at 0,60,120,180,and 240 kg·hm-2.In the evaluation of the effects of these different treatments on the potato growth properties,increasing the production efficiency and physical properties of the potatoes,the main results were as follows:(1)Fertilization and film mulching could significantly improve soil physical properties and promote soil water use and nutrient uptake and utilization.In the 0-40 cm surface layer,compared with use of neither fertilizer nor film,the soil bulk density significantly reduced by 4.6%～12.7%and soil available N content increased by 19.0%～29.6%,soil available P increased by 7.1%～32.0%,and soil available K increased by 5.9%～27.1%in the optimized combination of formula or controlled-release fertilizer along with white,black,or permeable film.The water use efficiency of formula or controlled-release fertilizer covered with white,black or permeable film was increased by 57.1%～77.0%.The potato nutrient demand was K2O>N>P2O5,and the maximum amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake in each treatment stage occurred at the tuber expansion stage and starch accumulation stage.Total amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation were the highest in the treatments of controlled-release fertilizer+black film or permeable film.(2)Fertilization and film mulching were beneficial in promoting the growth of the potato shoot and in obtaining a high yield and steady harvest.Compared with use of neither fertilizer nor film,plant height and stem diameter under the treatment of formula or controlled release fertilizer covered with white,black or permeable film increased by 32.6%～57.8%and 24.2%～42.2%,respectively.Formula fertilizer or controlled release fertilizer plus black film treatment was the most beneficial to dry matter accumulation and growth of potato tuber and whole plant.Under the treatment of formula or controlled release fertilizer covered with white,black or permeable film the weight,amount and yield of tuber per plant significantly increased by 39.7%～67.0%,14.8%～62.3%and 41.0%～106.0%,respectively,compared with the treatment in which neither fertilization nor film was used.As for economic benefits,formula fertilizer or controlled release fertilizer+black film treatment was more conducive to high and stable potato yield and yield,increasing the potato yield by 48.9%～154.3%compared with the no fertilizer+no film treatment.(3)The suitable application of potassium was helpful in improving the utilization rate of potato water and fertilizer.The 2-year experiment clearly displayed that compared with other treatments,potassium utilization rate of 120 kg·hm-2 treatment increased by 17.4%～89.1%and the water use rate increased by 16.4%～41.5%.(4)The optimum amount of potassium fertilizer for potato under Fenlong farms in southern Ningnan mountain area was obtained.Rational K application could not only promote the accumulation of dry matter in different growth stages of potato but also improve the yield of fresh potato.Dry matter accumulation of 120 kg·hm-2 increased by 26.7%on average compared with that of no K application.Moreover,the application of 120 kg·hm-2 had obvious advantages in tuber weight per plant,tuber number per plant,tuber weight per plant and reducing small tuber rate in all treatments.The yield of fresh potato was increased by 14.8%～45.3%and the net profit was increased by 22.3%on average.Based on the analysis of regression fitting and the comprehensive consideration of yield and profit,it is suggested that the suitable dosage of potassium fertilizer is 94～120 kg·hm-2 under the powder ridge tillage in the southern mountain area of Ningnan.In conclusion,considering the factors of soil fertilizer cultivation,potato yield,water and fertilizer utilization rate,and production benefit,the recommended planting method of potato in dry-farming agricultural area of southern Ningxia is precision formula fertilizer or controlled-release fertilizer+black film,and appropriate potassium fertilizer dosage is 94～120 kg·hm-2. |
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