Research On Positioning And Tracking Technology Of Endangered Birds Based On Passive Detection

With the continuous development and progress of human society,the living environment of wild animals is facing increasingly serious threats and challenges.At the same time,with the intensification of human activities,the rate of species extinction continues to accelerate.The basic data of rare and endangered animals and plants in China are mainly data about their biological attributes and less spatial attribute data.In particular,birds,because of their different living habits and a wide range of activities,are mostly in the air or on trees compared to terrestrial wild animals,making it difficult to carry out the monitoring,management,and protection of endangered birds.The study of the behavioural laws of endangered birds is very important to the protection of biological resources.The lack of effective positioning and tracking methods is the biggest obstacle to the protection of endangered birds.High-efficiency and precise positioning is the basis for realizing the positioning and tracking of endangered birds,and it is also a key technology to ensure the monitoring of endangered bird behaviour.Accurate positioning information and continuous collection of regional environmental information are useful for studying the movement of endangered birds and establishing artificial endangered populations.The breeding environment information database is of great significance.The key to the positioning and tracking technology of endangered birds is how to improve the positioning accuracy and enable long-term monitoring.At present,mature wildlife positioning technology mostly uses GPS positioning,while civilian GPS is suitable for largescale positioning and cannot guarantee accuracy in a small range.The development of passive detection technology provides a new solution for the location and tracking of wild animals.This article focuses on the location and tracking of endangered birds,studies the location and tracking algorithms,and designs an endangered bird location and tracking system.The software and hardware design of the system is analyzed and explained in detail.The main research contents of this article are as follows:(1)Learned and mastered the relevant knowledge and theory of endangered bird positioning and tracking and the current research status of passive detection technology and its positioning technology.After fully discussing the needs of endangered bird positioning and tracking,designed an endangered bird based on passive detection Class location tracking system.(2)The direction-finding method based on the amplitude comparison method is studied,and the direction-finding algorithm of the comparison amplitude method is improved according to the actual situation,and the method of the comparison amplitude direction finding based on the nearest neighbour lookup table method is proposed.At the same time,the AOA(Angle of Arrival)multi-base station positioning method is studied on the basis of the amplitude comparison method,and a weighted K-nearest neighbour multi-station positioning algorithm is proposed.(3)The positioning method based on TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival)is studied,and a variety of time difference estimation algorithms are studied and simulated,and a time difference estimation algorithm that is most suitable for engineering realization is selected.The typical TDOA positioning and settlement method are studied,and the combined use of Chan algorithm and the Taylor series method,as well as station deployment technology,is studied and simulated.(4)The target tracking technology based on Kalman filter is studied,and a fusion positioning and tracking method combining multiple positioning methods is proposed based on neural network,which effectively improves the operating efficiency and tracking performance of the system.(5)According to the application design ideas of passive detection technology,the software and hardware components of the endangered bird positioning and tracking system are designed.The system has been tested and analyzed,and the expected design goal has been achieved.