Genetic Analysis Of Oil And Physical Characters In Upland Cotton Seeds

As a by-product of cotton,the oil content of cotton kernels can reach 35%-45%.Xinjiang has unique natural conditions.The oil content of cottonseeds is even higher than that of inland cotton areas.The demand for cottonseed oil in various industries is gradually increasing.Therefore,genetic research on the oil and physical properties of cotton seeds will help provide scientific theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of the oil content of upland cotton seeds in southern Xinjiang.In this study,7 high-generation varieties(lines)of upland cotton were selected,21 cross combinations were prepared according to a complete diploid(orthogonal)method,and diploid seed embryos including genotype and genotype and environment interaction were used at the same time-The cytoplasm-maternal effect genetic model Go CGm(2n)estimates the genetic variance,heritability,correlation between paired traits,genetic effect prediction and heterosis performance of upland cotton seeds.The main research is as follows:1.The genetic effect analysis of the oil content of each node found that:(1)Different nodes have different genetic effects.The oil content of the 5th to 14 th nodes is mainly based on the interaction between genotype and environment,and the oil content of the 5th and 6th nodes is based on the embryo interaction effect.Main,and the 7th to 14 th quarters are dominated by the maternal interaction effect.(2)The heritability analysis of each node position shows that the oil content of the 5th and 6th nodes is dominated by the ordinary narrow-sense heritability,and the 7-14 th nodes are dominated by the mutual narrow-sense heritability,of which the 8th node The overall narrow-sense heritability of the bit is relatively high,indicating that the oil content of the 8th bit is genetically stable and it is easy to obtain better improvement effects.(3)The predicted values of genetic effects of each node indicate that a115-11 will significantly increase the oil content of the 6th,8th,and 9th node of the hybrid offspring,while Xinluzhong 38 can increase the oil content of the 13 th node of the offspring,and Xinluzhong 38 can increase the oil content of the 13 th node of the offspring.Middle 59 will increase the oil content of their hybrid offspring at nodes 6,7,9,11,and 12.2.The genetic effect analysis of the oil traits and physical traits of the middle node position found that:(1)Oil content,linoleic acid content,palmitic acid content,hull finger,kernel finger and wool seed finger are all based on the interaction between genotype and environment.Among them,the maternal genetic effect is the main factor.The hull ratio is mainly controlled by the main genetic effects,among which the embryo,cytoplasm and maternal effects account for little difference.(2)The heritability analysis shows that the hull finger,seed kernel rate and kernel-hull ratio are based on the common narrow heritability,while the kernel finger,hair seed finger,oil content,linoleic acid content and palmitic acid content are based on the mutual narrow sense inheritance.Rate-based.(3)The genetic correlation analysis showed that the phenotypes and genotypes of the shell finger and the kernel finger,the kernel finger and the hair seed finger reached a significant and extremely significant level of positive correlation;the oil content and linoleic acid only had a large correlation.The direct additive interaction and the maternal additive interaction are negatively correlated.There is no obvious correlation between the oil content and palmitic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid;the oil content and the genotype and phenotype of each physical trait are all There is a very significant negative correlation;only the phenotype and genotype between linoleic acid and the shell fingers have reached a significant or very significant negative correlation of 10%,and there is a dominant positive correlation between the kernel fingers and the embryo dominant,and the hair seed There is only 10% significant phenotype positive correlation between fingers,significant or extremely significant positive correlation between genotype and phenotype with kernel rate,and significant or extremely significant genotype and expression with kernel-to-shell ratio The type is positively correlated;the genotype and phenotype between palmitic acid and shell finger,kernel finger and hair seed finger reach significant or extremely significant levels,but the correlation between the two is opposite,the genotype is positive,but the value is small,It shows that palmitic acid has a weaker positive correlation with hull fingers,kernel fingers and hairy seed fingers.While increasing hull fingers or kernel fingers or hairy seed fingers,the increase in palmitic acid content will not be too large,which is related to the seed rate.The correlation between the ratio of kernels and shells is greatly affected by the environment,and is mainly based on the positive correlation between the embryo additive interaction and the maternal additive interaction.(4)Through hybrid advantage analysis of cotton seed grease and physical traits,shell fingers,benevolence,wool seed finger,seed ratio,housing ratio,oil content,linoleic acid content and palmitic acid content are parental advantages Mainly,and the effects of the environment are large.(5)The predicted value of genetic effects showed that a115-11 significantly reduced the oil content of the hybrid offspring.Parents a115-11 and Xinluzao 62 could significantly reduce the hull finger of the hybrid offspring.In terms of kernel finger,Xinluzhong53 and Xinluzao 62 could significantly reduce the oil content of the hybrid offspring.Xinluzao 62 has a significant reduction effect,while a115-11 has a significant synergistic effect.Xinluzao 62 has a significant effect on reducing the hair seed index of hybrid offspring.In terms of seed kernel rate and kernel-to-shell ratio,cm3,a115-11 and Xinluzao 62 has a significant synergistic effect on its hybrid offspring on the whole,which can be used in the breeding of upland cotton with high kernel rate and high kernel hull ratio,while Xinluzhong 38 and Xinluzhong 59 are decreasing The effect of hybrid offspring is obvious.