Investigation And Evaluation Of Garden Plants Species Of Buddhist Temples In Hohhot

The function of the plants in the Temple Garden is not only to afforest the environment,but also to create the tranquil and solemn mood of the Temple Garden.As a unique garden type,Temple Gardens can provide reference for the construction of modern urban landscape plants.In order to find out the general situation of plant resources in urban Buddhist temple gardens in Hohhot,the investigation of plant resources and the evaluation of garden value were carried out by means of literature survey,interview survey,field survey and comprehensive evaluation of plant resources.The results are as follows:(1)There are 124 species of garden plants(including lower taxa of species,the same below)belonging to 53 families and 100 genera in urban temples in Hohhot,including 10 species of gymnosperms belonging to 4families and 7 genera,and 114 species of angiosperms belonging to 49 families and 93 genera.There are 43 families,78 genera and 96 species of dicotyledonous plants and 6 families,15 genera and 18 species of monocotyledonous plants.There are more than 10 species of Rosaceae(13species),The number of plant species accounts for 10.49 % of all species.In terms of the composition of life forms,there were 45 species of trees,followed by 42 species of herbs.According to the classification of the ornamental parts of ornamental plants,there are 74 species of flowering plants,38 species of fruit-watching plants,60 species of leaf-watching plants,8species of dry-watching plants,23 species of shape-watching plants,56 species of compound ornamental plants.Using more than 60% of the frequency of Picea meyeri,Platycladus orientalis,Juniperus rigida,Syringa oblata,Pinus tabuliformis and Ulmus pumila.The most widely used trees,shrubs and herbs in the temple are Pinus tabuliformis,Rosa chinensis and Tagetes erecta.Application of native plants,a total of 24 species of native plants,belonging to 10 families 22 genera;There are 9 ancient trees belonging to 6 families,7 genera and 7 species.There are 7 secondary ancient trees and 2 tertiary ancient trees.These ancient trees are preserved by the power of faith in the temple garden environment,carrying the precious genes of culture and survival.(2)The order of species richness of garden plants in each temple is : 80 species of 71 genera and 42 families in Guanyin Temple > 46 species of 36 genera and 24 families in Dazhao Lamasery > 33 species of 30 genera and 23 families in Five Pagoda > 24 species of 24 genera and 19 families in Mituo Temple > 9 species of 9 genera and 7 families in Wusutu Temple > 7 species of 6 genera and 5 families in Longshou Temple > 5 species of 5 genera and 3families in Xilitu Monastcry.(3)Taking biological characteristics,ornamental characteristics and development and utilization value as evaluation indexes,the results showed that 109 kinds of plants were divided into four Grades.There were 7 kinds of plants in Grade I,results showed that there were 7 species in Grade I,including Syringa reticulata subsp.amurensi,Syringa oblata,Amygdalus davidiana,Sorbaria sorbifolia,Styphnolobium japonicum,Armeniaca vulgaris and Crataegus pinnatifida.Grade II has 36 species,Amygdalus triloba,Gleditsia sinensis,Euonymus maackii,Rosa chinensis,Syringa wolfii,Cornus alba,Padus avium,Prunus×cistenena cv.‘Pissardii’,Rosa xanthina and Morus alba;Grade III has 46 species,the largest number of species,Nymphaea tetragona,Pinus tabuliformis,Platycladus orientalis,Picea meyeri,Lilium longiflorum,Ginkgo biloba,Clivia miniata,Nerium oleander,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica and Juniperus chinensis;Grade IV has 20 species,Tabernaemontana divaricata,Phoenix loureiroi,Euphorbia milii,Punica granatum,Anthurium andraeanum,Dracaena draco,Adenium obesum,Morinda citrifolia,Philodendron selloum and Echinocactus grusonii,etc.In gardens,native plants with high ornamental value,strong adaptability,less stringent habitat requirements,good growth,high development and utilization value can be used for extensive management.The Buddhist temple gardens in Hohhot are similar to the temple gardens in Beijing in the selection of plants.Pinus tabuliformis,Picea meyeri,Juniperus rigida,Juniperus chinensis,Platycladus orientalis,Styphnolobium japonicum and Syringa oblata are the main trees.The flowering plants in the temple are mostly in spring and summer,and less in autumn and winter.It is important to excavate the historical and cultural value of ancient and famous trees to enrich the temple landscape.