| Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii flerov)is a rare and endangered medicinal economic animal in China.Musk secreted by its male gland is a precious traditional Chinese medicine.Previous studies have shown that different mating states(mated and unmated)of the males in the previous year have certain influence on the musk yield in current year.In addition,the chemical composition and microbiota of musk are different during musk secretion(PMSP: Prime musk-secreting period,VMSP: Vigorous musk-secreting period and LMSP: Later musk-secreting period).However,the factors affecting musk yields and the molecular mechanisms regulating musk secretion remain unknown.In this study,we selected 30 healthy young musk deer(15 for mated and unmated males,respectively)in the previous year,recorded its body weight and musk yields,took samples of musk and blood during musk secretion.Then estimated their phenotype characteristics and the content of testosterone(sex hormone),conducted 16 S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS to detect their microbiome and chemical components.The major results are listed as following:(1)The body weight of musk deer was not related to the amount of musk secretion(r= 0.10,P = 0.45).The unmated male musk deer in the previous year could secrete significantly more musk in this year(P < 0.05).The blood testosterone of male musk deer in the three stages of musk secretion was significantly higher than that in the normal stage(P < 0.05).(2)There were significant differences in the appearance,physical and chemical properties of musk in the three musk secretion stages.The results of GC-MS chemical composition determination showed that the content of muscone was the highest in the LMSP with an average value of more than 2.2%.Different mating states in the previous year had little effect on the content of muscone.(3)The results of microbial sequencing showed that the α diversity of PMSP musk microbiome was the highest in the three stages of musk secretion.11 genera of bacteria,such as Novosphingobium,can be used as biomarkers during musk secretion stages.Four genera of bacteria,such as Brevibacterium,can be used as the biomarker of mating state in the previous year.All above,we performed 16 S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS,integrating phenotypic and physiological data,to provide valuable resource involved in microbial structure and chemical composition in different mating states during musk secretion,and selected some typical microbial,which could be used as biomarkers to guide captive forest musk deer breeding. |
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