Nutrition Value Analysis Of Periphaneta Americana And Preliminary Study On Application Of Its Water Extraction In Aquatic Feed

Using Periphaneta americana as the material,the nutrition indices of Periphaneta americana powder after pretreatments(quick freeze,first dry,smash and degrease)were measured and analyzed.Meanwhile,using Periphaneta americana degreased powder as the raw material,explored the methods and technology of preparing the Periphaneta americana water extraction through cold water bath ultrasonic water extraction method.Based on the composition analysis of Periphaneta americana water extraction,the experiment went further study of the effect of adding different levels(1.0 g/kg,1.5 g/kg,2.0 g/kg,2.5 g/kg)of Periphaneta americana water extraction on the feed of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus on an initial average weight of 22.18 g.45 days post feeding,the effect of Periphaneta americana water extraction on growth performance,intestinal tissue structure,serum and liver partial metabolic indexes of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus were analyzed.The results are as follows:1.The CP(crude protein),EE(crude fat),ASH(ash)and moisture content of nymph powder of Periphaneta americana were 47.54%,33.22%,3.44% and 5.63%.The CP,EE,ASH and moisture content of skim nymph powder were 65.43%,10.36%,4.52% and 4.25%;The CP,EE,ASH and moisture content of adult powder were55.82%,23.31%,3.62% and 6.31%.The CP,EE,ASH and moisture content of degreased adult powder were 67.37%,11.88%,4.55% and 3.82%;The total animo acid content of adult powder of Periphaneta americana was 52.44%,the total animo acid content of skim adult powder was 59.40%;UFA content of adult powder was76.41%,and SFA content was 23.12%.2.Cold water bath ultrasonic water extraction method for preparing water extract of Periphaneta americana was simple,efficient and feasible,and the measurement of water extraction results showed the content of soluble protein was68.41%,the content of reducing sugar was 3.65%,the total animo acids content was59.97%.3.The addition of Periphaneta americana water extraction to the basic feed has no significant effect on the weight gain rate,feed conversion rate,specific growth rate and fullness of the GIFT Oreochromis niloticus(P>0.05);The intestinal index increase first then decreased with the increase of added concentration,and reached the significant level at 1.5 g/kg in experiment group(P<0.05);The visceral index of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),but the difference between the experiment groups was not significant(P>0.05);The Periphaneta americana water extraction has no obvious effect on the height and the width of foregut velvet of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus(P>0.05).4.The Periphaneta americana water extraction has different effects on serum and liver partial metabolic index of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus.The serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity in the 2.0 g/kg experiment group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and when the concentration was further increased,the AST activity no longer decreased(P>0.05);Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity of all experiment groups was significantly lower than that of control groups(P<0.05);The content of serum cholesterol(TG)decreased significantly in 1.0 g/kg experiment group(P<0.05),and the content of TG of each experiment group increased and reach to the same level of that in control group with the increase of added concentration;The serum total protein(TP)content in 1.5 g/kg experiment group was increased significantly when compared to control group(P<0.05),and became steady with the increase of concentration.Liver AST activity decreased significantly compared to control group(P<0.05);Liver ALT activity increased significantly then became steady in 1.5 g/kg experiment group;Liver TG content has no obvious difference with control group(P>0.05);The addition of Periphaneta americana water extraction could significantly decrease serum and liver TC content(P<0.05);Liver TP content in all experiment groups was increased significantly compared to control group(P<0.05)and liver TP content in 2.0 g/kg experiment group significantly higher than other groups.5.The Periphaneta americana water extraction significantly increased the activity of serum and liver catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus in experiment group(P<0.05);The activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)of serum and liver in 1.5 g/kg experiment group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),and the activity didn’t change significantly with the increase of concentration(P>0.05);The Periphaneta americana water extraction significantly increased serum and liver total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus,and all reached significant level in 1.0 g/kg experiment group;there is a certain dose-effect relationship between serum T-AOC and add dose,while liver T-AOC tended to increase first then become steady.