Experimental Study On Compound Machine For Subsoiling And Crushing Soil In American Ginseng Seed Bed

American ginseng planting has strict requirements on soil conditions and agronomic techniques,cumbersome planting steps,and special site selection conditions.It not only has a large tillage depth,but also requires a high degree of soil fineness and soil compactness.At present,the domestic ginseng area preparation machinery is mainly based on traditional farmland machinery.Participants carry out some modifications according to the soil conditions of the planting area,such as subsoiler loosening soil,plough plowing soil,rotary tiller crushing soil,etc.,traditional ginseng Seed bed tillage and land preparation methods require more than 10consecutive operations to meet the requirements of the seed bed soil conditions for ginseng planting.In this paper,combining the key technologies and main problems in the improvement of American ginseng continuous cropping bed soil,a deep loosening rotary tillage compound machine suitable for American ginseng planting requirements is designed and manufactured,which organically combines the deep ploughing loosening parts with the rotary ploughing broken soil parts,To meet the requirements of land preparation operations before and after the improvement of the American ginseng planting bed soil,and to realize a set of equipment before the improvement of the bed soil to loosen and crush the soil as the main joint operation,after the improvement,the crushed soil and concrete are mainly used for 2 to 3 times The operation can achieve the effect of more than 10 operations of traditional improved machines,which greatly simplifies the agronomic links and operation costs of American ginseng planting.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:（1）Test and analysis of soil physical properties of American ginseng planting plots.The physical properties of American ginseng bed soil at different depth levels were tested in practice,such as bulk density,moisture content,and firmness,to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the main working parts of the multiple working machine.（2）The design of the deep loosening and crushed soil compound working machine for American ginseng seed bed.The 3D entity design of the whole machine is completed by using Catia 3D design software.The resistance and working depth of the side-column,arrow,chisel,and combined tip soil turning subsoil shovel were measured.According to the measured data,the most suitable double-wing subsoil shovel was selected for the deep soil loosening of size. Design and optimize the gear transmission system,and determine that the speed range of the vertical rotary tiller shaft is 380～500 r/min.Design the size of the vertical rotary tiller shaft and determine the tilling depth of the rotary tiller shaft.Finally,determine the size and shape of the universal rack.（3）The statics analysis of the main working parts of the submerged crushed soil compound working machine.Using ANSYS software to conduct static analysis on the subsoiling shovel and the general frame,the calculation results show that the maximum deformation of the frame is 0.12mm,which occurs at the position where the front cross beam and the subsoiling shovel are connected.The maximum principal stress is 40.11 MPa,and the maximum principal stress occurs at the bolt holes of the front beam and the middle beam.The maximum deformation of the subsoil shovel is 13 mm,and the maximum deformation occurs at the tip of the subsoil shovel.The maximum principal stress is 24 MPa,and the maximum principal stress occurs at the fixed position of the shovel handle of the deep loosening shovel.（4）The finite element modal analysis of the submerged crushed soil compound working machine frame.Use Catia software to build a three-dimensional model of the subsoiler frame,import the ANSYS modal analysis interface to analyze the first six-order vibration model and frequency.According to the calculation results,it can be seen that as the order increases,the frequency of each order is also increasing,and the frequency of the first 6 orders is distributed between 80 and 200 Hz.The low-frequency Hertz transmitted by the tractor to the frame is between 0 and 15 Hz.Data comparative analysis shows that the frame will not resonate.（5）Field trials.According to the 17 sets of test combinations given by Box-Behnken of Design Expert software,it is measured that the broken soil rate of each plot is greater than 65%,the surface flatness is less than 5 cm,and the average depth of deep loosening is 37 cm.According to the actual situation,the data is optimized,and the cutter shaft speed is 500 r/min,the forward speed is 3 km/h,and the blade type IT245 is subjected to three repeated tests.The average soil crushing rate is 86.5234%and the working resistance is 16528.7 N,which is close to the predicted result of the model.The effective method of combination based on the analysis of the response surface model is feasible.（6）Tested and analyzed the physical characteristics of the seedbed soil after the operation.After the operation,the average soil crushing rate is 79.947%,the surface flatness is less than 3cm,the average deep loose depth is 36.04 cm,the standard deviation is 1.265,the coefficient of variation is 3.51%,the average soil moisture content is 12.55%,and the average soil bulk density is 1.05 g.cm^-3.Comparing the corresponding indicators before the operation shows that the operation effect of the machine tool is good.In this paper,according to the agronomic technical requirements of American ginseng planting on the seed bed soil,a deep loosening rotary tillage compound working machine was designed and manufactured,and theoretical analysis and experimental research on the frame and main working parts were carried out for the development of American ginseng and related medicinal plants.Planting machinery provided a theoretical basis and carried out useful research to further improve the mechanization level of the entire ginseng planting process.