Evaluation Of Nutritional Value Of Silage Of Four Leguminous Plants

Roughage resources are the material basis for the development of cattle and sheep breeding.The natural grassland in southern Xinjiang belongs to the type of desert and semi-desert grassland.The coverage,yield and quality of forage in the areas are low,which cannot meet the needs of cattle and sheep breeding.In this study,peanut seedlings,Sophora alopecuroides and Glycyrrhiza uralensis in southern Xinjiang were used as experimental materials,and alfalfa was used as a reference.The differences among the four legume silages were analyzed by means of nutritional composition analysis,fermentation quality evaluation,aerobic stability analysis and artificial rumen fermentation test,so as to evaluate the nutritional value of feed,and provide scientific basis and data support for the development and utilization of high-quality roughage resources in southern Xinjiang.Experiment 1:Nutritional Components and Fermentation Quality Evaluation of Four Legumes in Southern XinjiangIn this experiment,the main nutritional components and fermentation quality of peanut seedlings,bitter beans,licorice and alfalfa before and after silage were compared and analyzed.The results showed that after 60 days of silage,the pungent odor of Sophora alopecuroides raw materials was significantly improved.The sensory evaluation grades of Sophora alopecuroides silage and licorice silage were excellent,and the peanut seedling silage and alfalfa silage were medium.The change trend of nutritional components of four leguminous plants before and after silage was basically consistent,and soluble sugar（WSC）was lost in varying degrees.Silage could reduce the content of alkaloids in plants.In terms of fermentation quality,the p H value of licorice silage was significantly higher than that of the other three legumes（P<0.05）.Butyric acid（BA）was not detected except peanut seedling silage.Lactic acid（LA）content in Sophora alopecuroides silage was significantly higher than that in other three legumes（P<0.05）,and ammonia nitrogen（NH₃-N）content was significantly lower than that in other three legumes（P<0.05）.Experiment 2:Aerobic stability and microbial changes of four legume silages in southern Xinjiang after aerobic exposureIn this study,the dynamic changes of dry matter（DM）,p H value,WSC,NH₃-H and microbial number in four legume silages were measured at 0,3,6,9 and 12 d of aerobic exposure.The results showed that DM,p H and NH₃-N of the four legume silages increased with the prolongation of aerobic exposure time,and WSC decreased with the prolongation of aerobic exposure time.After 12 days of aerobic exposure,the content of lactic acid bacteria in alfalfa silage and Sophora alopecuroides silage was significantly higher than that in peanut seedling silage and licorice silage（P<0.05）.During aerobic exposure,the number of yeasts,molds and aerobic bacteria in the four legume silages increased gradually.Experiment 3:Degradation characteristics of four legumes silage in rumen fluid in southern XinjiangIn this study,the in vitro degradation characteristics of four leguminous plant silages in southern Xinjiang were studied.Four leguminous plant silages were fermented in vitro to determine gas production,fermentation parameters and DM degradation rate.The results showed that the biogas production of alfalfa silage was the highest at 72 h,and that of licorice silage was the lowest at each time point.The p H values of artificial rumen culture medium of four legume silages were in the normal range（5.5-7.5）,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）.The NH₃-N content of licorice silage was significantly lower than that of the other three legume silages（P<0.05）.After 48–72 h in vitro fermentation,the DM degradation rate of alfalfa silage was significantly higher than that of the other three legume silages（P<0.05）.The DM degradation rate of licorice silage was the lowest at each time point,only 28.67%at 72 h,which was significantly lower than that of the other three legume silages（P<0.05）.The four kinds of legume silage were comprehensively evaluated.Sophora alopecuroides silage could be used as high-quality roughage to feed animals.The fermentation quality of peanut seedling silage and alfalfa silage was moderate,and the rumen degradation rate was high.However,the aerobic stability of alfalfa silage was poor.The secondary fermentation of silage should be paid attention to in the feeding process,and licorice was not suitable for separate silage.