Design And Experiment Of An Integrated Machine For Green Manure Crushing And Rotary Tillage In Orchard Row

With the national strategy of"rejuvenating agriculture by quality and green",planting green fertilizer in orchard has become a new model of modern green orchard soil management.Green fertilizer refers to the biological fertilizer made by directly turning green plants back to the field,applying them in different places or centralized fermentation.Because there are many kinds of green manure in orchards,when green manure is returned to the field,it is mostly paved.Although the effect of water conservation is good,the utilization rate of fertility is very low,and it still needs to be overturned in the later stage,which is time-consuming and laborious.The green manure between orchard rows is directly turned over and returned to the field.The traditional turning over machinery is aimed at the green manure crops with high stems.When returning to the field,the shallow turning will affect the turning over effect of green manure,affect the decomposition rate of green manure and cause the loss of fertility;Deep turning may damage the surface roots of fruit trees,and too deep turning pressure is not conducive to the decomposition of green manure.Therefore,this paper designs an orchard inter row green fertilizer crushing,turning and pressing machine and a"separation and burying device"which can improve the green fertilizer burying rate.The specific research contents are as follows:（1）Based on the investigation and analysis of the existing Orchard Green fertilizer crushing and returning machinery,according to the characteristics of orchard row spacing of 3m-5m and green fertilizer planting width of 1.2-1.8m,combined with relevant national standards,the overall structure,working principle,transmission system and technical parameters of Orchard Green fertilizer crushing and rotary tillage integrated machine are designed.（2）Structural design of key components.The crushing mode of green manure is designed as swing knife type.The length of the crushing knife shaft is 1500mm,the outer diameter is120mm,and its material is hollow steel pipe with wall thickness of 12mm.The Y-type swing knife is selected as the crushing knife.Through the motion analysis of the swing knife,the conditions of no missing cutting are determined;The width of the designed rotary tillage part is 1500mm,and the rotary tillage knife adoptsⅡT245 rotary tillage knife.Through calculation and analysis,it is determined that four rotary tillage knives are installed in the same circumferential surface,and the installation interval of adjacent blades is 90°,which defines the blade installation of rotary tillage knife and the arrangement of overall blades;"Separation and burying device"is composed of rotary tillage knife,"iron chain separation curtain",retaining plate and Suppressor,which can achieve the purpose of"straw falling first,soil falling later"and improve the burying rate of green fertilizer;Determine the suspension form,and conduct the static analysis of the suspension frame through the finite element software ANSYS 15.0.It is concluded that the maximum displacement deformation of the suspension frame is about 3.523mm and the maximum equivalent elastic deformation is about 2.89×10^-4,the maximum stress deformation value is 57.342mpa,which can meet the use demand.（3）Simulation test of"separation and burial device".The discrete element simulation software edem is used to simulate the cooperation between the components constituting the"separation and burial device",and the data processing software design expert 10 is used to carry out regression analysis,variance analysis and corresponding surface analysis on the test results.Through the optimization module of design expert 10,the optimal solution is that the transverse distance from the center of rotary tillage knife roller to the root of"iron chain separation curtain"is 378.76mm,the width of retaining plate is 187.78mm Included angle of retaining plateθAt 116.48°,the burial rate can reach 95.16%.（4）The summer green manure returning test takes the tractor forward speed,the speed of the crushing knife roller and the rotary tillage depth as the test factors,and the inter row green manure crushing length qualification rate,throwing non-uniformity rate and burial rate as the test indexes.Through the field test,the best working parameters of the prototype are determined,that is,when the tractor forward speed is 0.95m/s,the speed of the crushing knife roller is 920r/min and the rotary tillage depth is 116mm,the operation effect of the prototype is the best,At this time,the qualified rate of green fertilizer crushing length is about 89.9%,the uneven rate of throwing is about 7.9%,and the coverage rate is about 93.9%.In order to verify the practicability and universality of the prototype,the autumn green fertilizer returning test was carried out.The results showed that the average qualified rate of crushing length of rape and sweet clover in autumn was 93.58%and 93.34%respectively,the average uneven rate of throwing was 7.15%and 7.79%respectively,and the average coverage rate was 95.6%and 94.14%respectively.The operation performance of the prototype was good.