Effects Of Different Mulching Materials On Soil Physicochemical Properties,tree Growth And Fruit Quality In Jujube Orchards

In this study,’ Junzao ’ and ’ Huizao ’ were used as the research objects.Three kinds of materials,horticultural thick cloth,horticultural thin cloth and liquid film,were used to cover jujube orchards,and non-coverage treatment was used as control.The soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community composition and diversity,tree growth,fruit quality,yield and economic benefits of different coating materials were explored.By comparing and screening the best materials suitable for jujube orchard cover in southern Xinjiang,it provides a reference for the cultivation and management of jujube orchard cover in this area.The main research results are as follows :(1)Different covering materials can control the ground temperature of the 10 cm,20 cm and 30 cm soil layers of the jujube orchard from June to September.Covering with ground cloth can reduce the soil temperature during the growing season of jujube orchards,and the cooling effect is most obvious in the 10 cm soil layer.The cooling effect of thick ground cloth is better than that of thin ground cloth.It shows a warming effect,and this effect is larger in the 10 cm soil layer.Both types of ground cloth mulching can improve soil water retention performance,and both thick ground cloth mulching and thin ground cloth mulching at 0-60 cm soil layer can effectively maintain soil moisture at a high level.The soil water retention effect on the 0-60 cm soil layer under the liquid mulching film was not obvious.The two kinds of ground cloth cover can significantly reduce the soil bulk density in the 0-60 cm soil layer,and the effect is obvious in the 0-20 cm soil layer.Among them,the coverage effect of thick ground cloth is better than that of thin ground cloth.(2)Compared with the control,the three covering materials could increase the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients.The content of soil organic matter in the two parks was significantly increased when the two parks were covered with thin cloth,and the Junzaoyuan increased significantly in the 0-20 cm soil layer,which increased by 62.2% compared with the control.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,the gray jujube orchard increased significantly,which was 160.1% higher than that of the control.The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased most obviously in the 0-20 cm soil layer.The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in Junzaoyuan soil increased more obviously when covered with thick ground cloth,but the difference was not obvious compared with the control.When the jujube orchard was covered with thin cloth,its content increased significantly,which was 38.7% higher than that of the control.For soil available phosphorus and available potassium,the content of soil available phosphorus and potassium increased most significantly when both parks were covered with thin ground cloth.(3)The Alpha diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in the 20-40 cm soil layer of the jujube orchard,the soil bacteria were best covered with thin ground cloth.The fungal community richness was best covered with thick ground cloth,and the diversity was best covered with thin ground cloth.At the phylum level,the mulching treatment increased the bacterial community structure abundance,decreased the fungal Ascomycota phylum abundance and increased the Basidiomycota abundance;the liquid mulching treatment had no obvious effect on the microbial community structure.(4)Different covering treatments had effects on the growth of jujube trees.Jun jujube grows significantly when the annual jujube head,jujube hanging and covered with thick cloth.Ash jujube grows obviously when covered with thin ground cloth;the effects of three covering materials on SPAD and leaf area of jujube leaves are not significantly different.(5)Different covering treatments can improve the appearance quality and inner quality of jujube fruit to different degrees.Compared with the control,the single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,and fruit shape index of Junzao fruit were significantly improved when covered with thick ground cloth,and the yield per plant increased significantly when covered with thin ground cloth;the vitamin C content and soluble solid content of the fruit were increased by the thick ground cloth.When the cloth is covered,the improvement is obvious,which is 16.2% and 12.0% higher than that of the control,respectively.Soluble sugar,titratable acid,sugar-to-acid ratio and soluble protein content did not increase significantly in each covering treatment compared with the control.The fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,fruit shape index,and yield per plant of the jujube fruit were significantly improved when covered with thin ground cloth,followed by thick ground cloth.The content of vitamin C in the intrinsic quality of fruit was significantly improved when covered with thin cloth.Soluble solids content is significantly improved by covering with thick ground cloth.There was no significant improvement in soluble sugar,titratable acid,sugar-acid ratio and soluble protein content in each covering treatment compared with the control.(6)Different covering materials can reduce the management cost of jujube orchards.Covering the two parks with thin ground cloth can reduce the management cost of orchards.The comprehensive management cost of each mulching treatment is in the order: liquid mulch > control > thick ground cloth > thin ground cloth.It can be seen that the field management cost of thin ground cloth is the least,which is suitable for surface mulching cultivation in local jujube orchards.