Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Perilla Seeds On PUFAs Deposition In Broilers

This subject aimed to investigate the effects of perilla seeds on production performance,health status,body omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids（Omega-3 PUFAs）deposition,and the expression of metabolic genes（FADS1,FADS2,ELOVL2,ELOVL5）in broilers.The correlation between the content of PUFAs and the expression of genes was also analyzed.In this subject,0.5%,2% and 15% perilla seeds were added to the basis diet by equal replacement method,and the ratio of Omega-6 and Omega-3 PUFAs in the diet was reduced to nearly 10:1,5:1 and 1:1.Two hundred and forty Ross 308 broilers（1 day of age）were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates,each replicate with 10 broilers.The trial lasted for 42 days,and broilers had free access to feed and water throughout the feeding trial.The object of Experiment 1 was to investigate the effect of adding perilla seeds to adjust the ratio of Omega-6 and Omega-3 PUFAs in diets on production performance of broilers.The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers decreased significantly with the addition of perilla seeds during 14-21 days（P<0.05）,and there is no effect on feed intake to body weight gain ratio（P>0.05）.In addition,there were no significant difference in body weight,percentage of dressing,percentage of thigh muscle in each treatment（P>0.05）.Percentage of half-eviscerated,percentage of eviscerated and percentage of breast muscle of broilers decreased significantly with the addition of perilla seeds（P>0.05）.Adding 0.5% perilla seeds to diet significantly increased the percentage of abdominal fat of broilers（P<0.05）.Addition of perilla seeds had no effect on the organ index of heart,liver,spleen and lung（P>0.05）,while increased the brain index when added 2% perilla seeds to diet（P<0.05）.These findings indicated that the addition of perilla seeds in the diet had little effect on the production performance and slaughter performance of broilers,and had no adverse effect on the development of organ.Adding 2% perilla seeds to adjust the ratio Omega-6 and Omega-3PUFAs to 5:1 promote the brain development.Experiment 2 aims to detect the effect of adding perilla seeds to adjust the ratio of Omega-6 and Omega-3 PUFAs in diets on health status of broilers.Serum ALT and ALP were significantly higher in the treatment which adding 15% perilla seeds compared to other groups（P<0.05）.There was no significant change of concentrations of AST,GGT,UA,UREA and CRE（P>0.05）.Serum TP of 0.5% dose broilers was significantly enhanced compare with other treatments（P<0.05）,ALB was significantly lower（P<0.05）.GLU,TG,TCHO and HDL-C were no significant difference between the groups（P>0.05）,LDL-C was significantly lower in the 2%dose group（P<0.05）.Ig G and Ig M in serum of broilers showed significantly higher in the 2%dose group（P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference in the content of Ig A,C4,IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α and INF-γ in serum（P>0.05）.The GSH-PX of broilers was significantly quadratic correlated with the amount of perilla seeds in the diet（P<0.05）,and it was significantly lower in 2% dose group（P<0.05）.T-AOC and SOD showed no significant difference with the addition of perilla seeds（P>0.05）.However,the content of serum MDA reduced significantly as the perilla seeds level increasing（P<0.05）.These results suggested that the addition of 2% perilla seeds to the diet has a certain promoting effect on the health status of body,however,it would impair body when the dose is too high.Experiment 3 focused on the effect of adding perilla seeds to adjust the ratio of Omega-6and Omega-3 PUFAs in diets on the content of main nutritional properties and PUFAs in beast muscle,thigh muscle and liver of broilers.Results showed that 2% perilla seeds significantly enhanced the content of moisture and protein in beast muscle and thigh muscle（P<0.05）,while decreased the content of fat（P<0.05）.The content of Omega-3 PUFAs in muscle and liver were increased with the addition of perilla seeds（P<0.05）.The content of ALA in 15% dose in muscle was 12-fold and 15-fold higher than control,respectively,and the content of EPA and DHA also increased significantly（P<0.05）,the content of AA decreased significantly（P<0.05）.The Omega-6 and Omega-3 ratio in each treatment decreased to close to diet.These results showed that the intake of ALA in broilers can significantly increase the deposition of ALA,EPA and DHA in the muscle and liver,and the ratio of PUFAs in body can be reduced to 5:1 when added2% perilla seeds to diet.Experiment 4 aimed to clarify the effect of adding perilla seeds to adjust the ratio of Omega-6 and Omega-3 PUFAs in diets on metabolic gene expression of broilers.The expression of FADS1,FADS2 and ELOVL5 in beast muscle showed no significant difference between these treatments（P>0.05）,and expression of ELVOL2 was significantly quadratic correlated with the amount of perilla seeds in the diet（P<0.05）.The expression of FADS1,FADS2,ELVOL2 and ELOVL5 were significantly blocked in muscle and liver in broilers fed 2%perilla seeds relative to broilers fed other dose of perilla seeds（P<0.05）.The correlation between gene expression and PUFAs content showed that the expression of FADS1,FADS2,and ELOVL5 were significantly positively correlated with the content of EPA and DHA（P<0.05）,the expression of FADS1 and ELOVL5 were also significantly positively correlated with the content of AA（P<0.05）.The expression of FADS1 was significantly negatively correlated with the content of LA and ALA（P<0.05）,and the expression of ELVOL2 and ELOVL5 were significantly negatively correlated with the content of LA（P<0.05）.The results indicated the effects of adding perilla seeds to diet of broilers on the expression of FADS1,FADS2,ELVOL2 and ELOVL5 are inconsistent,and the increased m RNA expression of these genes promotes the metabolism of precursor PUFAs to long chain PUFAs.In summary,adding appropriate perilla seeds to diet has no adverse effect on the production performance and improves the health status of broilers,the ratio of Omega-6 and Omega-3 PUFAs in muscle and liver can also be reduce to a suitable ratio.Furthermore,the optimum level of perilla seeds in the diet is 2%.In addition,the increase of the expression FADS1,FADS2,ELVOL2 and ELOVL5 in the body could promote the metabolism of precursor PUFAs to long chain PUFAs.However,the mechanism of adding perilla seeds on the expression of FADS1,FADS2,ELVOL2 and ELOVL5 was obscure.