| Dongzao as an excellent fresh jujube tree variety,because of its excellent fruit quality,rich nutrients,high economic benefits and strong resistance,makes it one of the main fruit tree species in Tianjin.Tianjin Dongzao is mainly distributed in Dagang,Jinghai and other regions,mainly from Zhanhua and Huanghua.Due to long-term extensive cultivation management and other reasons,Tianjin Dongzao varieties are seriously degraded and their quality varies greatly.In order to rejuvenate the local Dongzao varieties.In this experiment,120 acres of winter jujube plants were screened in the Dagang Jujube Garden of Tianjin,and the seven fruit quality indicators were determined by single fruit weight,water content,soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solids,VC,sugar-acid ratio.At first,52 excellent single plants were selected.After that,multiple selections were carried out,and two excellent mutants were screened by comprehensive analysis of seven fruit quality indicators,and their growth and development,yield,fruit quality,morphology,DNA polymorphism,transcriptome sequence and other aspects were analyzed.The results show that:（1）First choice: The average single fruit weight of the primary selected primary plants is16.011g-23.167 g,moisture content 65.02%-72.7%,soluble sugar 19.572%-30.216%,titratable acid 0.261%-0.355%,soluble solids 23.78%-33.17%,sugar-acid ratio66.859-85.115.（2）Multiple selection: A comprehensive membership function analysis was carried out on the seven indicators of primary fruit quality,such as single fruit weight,water content,soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solids,VC,and sugar-acid ratio,and found that most individual plant membership function values It is 0.144-0.456,and the membership function value of the single plants of No.17 and No.32 is as high as 0.7（0.965 for single plant and 0.742 for single plant of 32）;the excellent single plant of No.17 is named Mutant strain 1,32 The excellent single plant was named Mutant strain No.2,and the growth and development,fruiting characteristics,yield,fruit quality,and growth of Dagang Dongzao,Zhanhua Dongzao,and Zhanhua 2nd generation Dongzao（Zhandong 2）were planted in the cultivation garden.Identification of morphological indicators,genetic Mutant strain,etc.（3）Comparison of growth indexes of mutant plants: The combined membership function values of the five indexes of the mutant plant and the control group,namely the secondary branch length,secondary branch thickness,jujube head length,jujube head thickness,number of jujube stocks / secondary branches,are shown: Zhanhua Dongzao（1）> Dagang Dongzao（0.68）> Zhandong No.2（0.519）> Mutant strain No.2（0.201）> Mutant strain No.1（0.111）.That is,the growth indexes of the two mutants were significantly lower than those of the control group of Zhanhua Dongzao,Dagang Dongzao and Zhandong No.2.（4）Comparison of result characteristics of mutant plants: the number of mutant plants jujube hanging / jujube shares,number of inflorescences / jujube hanging,number of small flowers / inflorescence,number of jujube shares / secondary branches,the average membership weight value of five indicators: Zhanhua Dongzao（0.81）> Dagang Dongzao（0.687）> Zhandong No.2（0.402）> Mutant No.2（0.304）> Mutant No.1（0.296）.That is,the result characteristic indexes of the two mutant strains were significantly lower than those of the control group of Zhanhua Dongzao,Dagang Dongzao and Zhandong No.2.（5）Comparison of the fruit quality of the mutants: the combined membership function values of the nine indicators of single fruit weight,fruit shape index,water content,fruit hardness,fruit soluble solids,fruit titratable acid,fruit VC content,fruit soluble sugar,sugar-acid ratio Display: Mutant strain No.1（0.858）> Mutant strain No.2（0.593）> Zhandong No.2（0.554）> Zhanhua Dongzao（0.209）> Dagang Dongzao（0.196）.That is,the fruit quality indexes of the two mutant strains were significantly higher than those of the control group of Zhanhua Dongzao,Dagang Dongzao,and Zhandong No.2.（6）Comparison of morphological characteristics of the mutant plants: the leaf length,width,single leaf area,fruit,and kernel of the mutant plants were significantly greater than those of the control group,Zhandong No.2,Dagang Dongzao and Zhanhua Dongzao.（7）DNA polymorphism analysis of mutant strains: RAPD analysis found that Dagang Dongzao and Zhanhua Dongzao had the highest genetic similarity coefficient（0.9524）,and those with the lowest genetic similarity were mutant strain 2 and Zhanhua Dongzao（0.4444）;mutant strain 1 and The genetic similarity coefficients of Dagang Dongzao,Zhanhua Dongzao,and Zhandong No.2 were 0.6111,0.5516,and 0.6349,respectively,and the genetic similarity coefficients of mutant strain No.2 and Dagang Dongzao,Zhanhua Dongzao,and Zhandong No.2 were 0.4907,0.4444,0.4646.It showed that the mutant No.2 and the mutant 1 had a larger genetic variation in the control group,and the mutant No.1 and Zhandong No.2 had a closer genetic relationship.（8）Gene sequencing analysis of mutant strains: Through the high-throughput sequencing of the genomes of mutant strain No.1 and mutant strain No.2,the control group of Dagang Dongzao and Zhandong No.2 Dongzao,the jujube genome was used as a reference genome for analysis and comparison.The results show that:a A total of 2,102 new genes were discovered after modeling the genome of all materials,and 1782 new genes can be annotated.b The most differentially expressed genes between mutant strain No.2 and Zhandong No.2 were 3033,followed by mutant strain No.1 and Zhandong No.2 with 2733.The differentially expressed genes between mutant strain No.2 and Dagang Dongzao were 1378 There were 1265 differentially expressed genes between mutant strain No.1 and Dagang Dongzao.c Using the COG library to annotate differential genes,it was found that the differential genes of the four variants of mutant strain No.1,mutant strain No.2,zhandong No.2,and Dagangdongzao,which were compared in pairs,accounted for basically the same biological process,all of which are: protein general function prediction,Carbohydrate transportation and metabolism,amino acid transport and metabolism,protein transport and catabolism,energy production and conversion,indicating that between the mutant strain and the control group,between the two mutant strains of Dongzao,including Zhandong No.2 and Dagang Dongzao The differences in fruit quality and growth-resulting characteristics have a close relationship with carbohydrate transport and metabolism,amino acid transport and metabolism,protein transport and catabolism,energy production and conversion.d After annotation by KEGG library,it was found that the most differential pathways of mutant strain No.1,mutant strain No.2 and Zhandong No.2 were plant hormone signal transduction,which were 41 and 50,respectively.There are 20 differential genes in the phytohormone signal transduction pathway of mutant strain No.2 and Dagang Dongzao;the number of differential genes in the phytohormone signal transduction pathway of Dagang Dongzao and Zhandong No.2 is also the largest,which is 43.It indicates that genetic mutation of the phytohormone signal transduction pathway of the mutant strain leads to a change in the phytohormone signal transduction of the mutant strain,which causes a change in the secretion of plant hormones,which in turn leads to changes in the growth and development of the mutant strain. |
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