| Objective:The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the basic conditions of inpatients with traumatic brain injury in the Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province,find out the risk factors that affect the GCS score of patients discharged from the hospital,and provide guidance for the inpatient treatment and prognosis of patients.Moreover,a comparative analysis was made on the electric bicycle riders who use safety helmets and those who do not use safety helmets,which provides a scientific basis for preventing the occurrence of craniocerebral injury and reducing the severity of craniocerebral injury.Methods: The patients with craniocerebral trauma hospitalized in our department from June 2020 to November 2020 were taken as the research objects,and the data of the patients’ hospitalization were descriptively analyzed.According to the patients’ GCS score at discharge,464 patients with craniocerebral injuery were divided into the group with discharge GCS score > 8 and the group with discharge GCS score ≤8.The gender,age,marital status,registered residence distribution,educational level,admission GCS score,ISS score,surgical treatment,tracheotomy,total length of stay,Department of Neurosurgery days in intensive care unit,room type,progressive intracranial hemorrhage,pulmonary infection,calvaria fracture,multiple injuries and cerebral hernia were compared between the two groups.Then,the factors affecting the GCS score of patients after discharge were included in Logistic multivariate regression analysis to screen out the independent risk factors affecting the GCS score of patients after discharge.Among the 464 patients with craniocerebral trauma,185 patients were drivers and passengers of electric bicycles,and 185 patients were divided into the helmet-wearing group and the non-helmet-wearing group.The gender,age,marital status,registered residence distribution,education level,admission GCS score,discharge GCS score,ISS score,surgical treatment,tracheotomy,total length of stay,length of stay in NICU,room type,progressive intracranial hemorrhage,pulmonary infection,calvaria fracture,multiple injuries and cerebral hernia were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Result:A total of 464 inpatients with craniocerebral injury were collected in this study.Among them,313(67.46%)were male and 151(32.54%)were female.No matter what age group,male patients were always more than female patients,and reached the peak at the age of 60-70 years old.The cause of injury: traffic accidents accounted for 281 cases(60.56%),falls accounted for 109 cases(23.49%),followed by falls from height,accounting for 36 cases(7.66%),heavy object injuries,accounting for 17 cases(3.66%).A total of 464 patients with craniocerebral injury were divided into two groups: the discharge GCS score > 8 group and the discharge GCS score ≤8 group.There was statistical significance in age,admission GCS score,ISS score,surgical treatment,tracheotomy,total length of stay,length of stay in NICU,room type,progressive intracranial hemorrhage,pulmonary infection,Calvaria fracture,multiple injuries and cerebral hernia between the two groups(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in gender,marital status,registered residence distribution and educational level between the two groups(P >0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,cerebral hernia,multiple trauma and admission GCS score were the independent influencing factors of discharge GCS score(P < 0.05).In this study,the traffic accidents account for the main part of all craniocerebral injuries,but accidents related to electric bicycles account for 65.83% of all traffic accidents.Among them,electric bicycle drivers account for 167 cases(90.27%),and electric bicycle passengers account for 18 cases(9.73%).The 185 cases of electric bicycle drivers and passengers were divided into helmet-wearing and non-helmet-wearing groups.The helmet-wearing group accounted for 55 cases(29.7%),and the helmet-not-wearing group accounted for 130 cases(70.3%).There was statistical significance in room type,calvaria fracture,pulmonary infection,progressive intracranial hemorrhage,length of stay in NICU,total length of stay,admission GCS score,discharge GCS score,ISS score and hospitalization costs between the two groups(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in age,gender,marital status,educational level,registered residence distribution,drunk driving,surgical treatment,tracheotomy,multiple injuries and cerebral hernia between the two groups(P > 0.05).Compared with drivers wearing helmets,drivers without helmets are more likely to have Calvaria fracture,progressive intracranial hemorrhage,and admission to the NICU,lower GCS scores at admission and discharge,and longer total length of stay and length of stay in NICU,and higher hospitalization cost and ISS score,and had a greater possibility of pulmonary infection during hospitalization(P < 0.05).Conclusion:In this study,craniocerebral injury was more common in the middle-aged and elderly,among which males were more than females,and traffic accidents accounted for the main part of all TBI.Patients’ age,cerebral hernia,combined with multiple injuries and GCS score at admission could be independent influencing factors for the GCS score at discharge of patients with craniocerebral injury.For electric bicycle riders and passengers,safety helmets reduce the possibility of skull fracture,progressive intracranial hemorrhage and entering the NICU,reduce the length of hospital stay,hospitalization costs and complications,and reduce the severity of craniocerebral injury and so on.Therefore,wearing safety helmets has a significant protective effect on TBI in Yangzhou area. |
