| Objective:To study the disease spectrum of death causes of elderly hospitalized patients and analyze their characteristics,to provide a reference for the prevention and health care of clinical elderly patients.Methods:A total of 485 retired elderly patients who died in the cadre ward of the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2012 to 2016 were selected,and the inpatient clinical records of all the dead patients were consulted.A total of 6 patients with incomplete data were excluded.Finally,479 patients were included in the study,including 390 men.Cases,89 women.According to age,they are divided into 80~85years old group,86~90 years old group,91~95 years old group and ≥96 years old group.SPSS23.0 statistical software was used for data analysis,count data was described by the number of cases n(%),differences between groups were tested by c2;measurement data were described by mean ± standard deviation(`x±s),and between the two groups The t test was used for comparison,and P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Results:1.Age and gender distribution of patients who died: The average age of the patients enrolled in this study was 87.03±4.046 years old,of which 175 cases(36.5%)were 80 to 85 years old;219 cases(45.7%)were 86 to 90 years old;67 cases were 91 to 95 years old.(14.0%);18 cases(3.8%)≥96 years old;390 males,accounting for81.4%,with an average age of death of 87.3 ± 4.018 years;89 female cases,accounting for 18.6%,with an average age of death of 86.0±4.028 years.2.Distribution of causes of death: The top three causes of death were 172 cases of malignant tumors(35.9%),140 cases of respiratory diseases(29.0%),and 86 cases of cardiovascular diseases(17.7%).The first three causes accounted for the total number of deaths.82.7% of the total.Followed by 46 cases of cerebrovascular disease(9.6%),17 cases of digestive system disease(3.8%),9 cases of urinary system disease(1.9%),4 cases of blood system disease(0.8%),and 5 deaths from other causes(1.3%).%).The top three death causes of malignant tumors were 52 cases of lung cancer(30.2%),22 cases of gastric cancer(12.8%)and 21 cases of colon cancer(12.2%).The cumulative percentage of the top three death causes of malignant tumors was 55.2%.The main cause of death from respiratory diseases is pulmonary infection,which accounts for 90.7%(127/140)of deaths from respiratory diseases,followed by9 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(6.4%),3cases of pulmonary embolism(2.1%),respiratory One case of failure(0.7%).Among all cases,434(90.6%)suffered from cardiovascular disease,and 86 patients died of cardiovascular disease.The top three causes of death were 64 cases(74.4%)of heart failure and 16 cases of acute myocardial infarction.3 cases(18.6%)of coronary heart disease(excluding acute myocardial infarction)(3.5%).3.Distribution of causes of death by gender: Among the male patients who died,the top three causes of death were 143 cases of malignant tumors(36.7%),117 cases of respiratory diseases(30.0%),and 65 cases of cardiovascular diseases(16.7%).Among female patients,the top three causes of death were 29 cases of malignant tumors(32.6%),23 cases of respiratory diseases(25.8%)and 21 cases of cardiovascular diseases(23.6%).The top three causes of death of different genders are consistent with the overall cause of death.4.The results of the analysis of the causes of death in each age group showed that the top three causes of death in the 80～85-year-old group were 70 cases of malignant tumors(40.0%),38 cases of cardiovascular diseases(21.7%),and 37 cases of respiratory diseases(21.1 %);the top three causes of death in the 86～90-year-old group were 76 cases of malignant tumors(34.7%),68 cases of respiratory diseases(31.1%),and 35 cases of cardiovascular diseases(16%);The top three causes of death in the 91～95-year-old group were 28 cases of respiratory diseases(41.8%),20 cases of malignant tumors(29.9%)and 35 cases(16.4%)of cardiovascular diseases;the top three causes of death in patients ≥96 years old Followed by 7 cases of respiratory diseases(38.9%),6 cases of malignant tumors(33.3%)and 2 cases of cardiovascular diseases(11.1%).It can be seen that malignant tumors are the most important cause of death for patients in the 80～85-year-old age group and 86～90-year-old age group,respiratory system diseases are the most important cause of death for patients in the91～95 year-old age group and ≥96-year-old age group.The effect of age on the cause of death was not statistically significant(P>0.05).5.The mortality rate of elderly hospitalized patients is higher in spring and winter.Among them,the spring mortality rate is the highest,accounting for 35.3%.Among them,the death toll is the largest in March and April,accounting for 13.8%and 13.4% respectively.The death cases in summer and autumn are relatively high.less.6.The blood leukocytes of the elderly patients who died in hospital are elevated,there are different degrees of anemia,the distribution of red blood cells increases,the creatinine increases,and the serum albumin decreases.Among all deaths,93.9% of patients had more than 3(including 3)system diseases,and 45.2% of patients had more than 5(including 5)system diseases.There are many comorbidities and complications in elderly patients,and intervention should be carried out as soon as possible to prolong the survival time of patients.Conclusions:1.Malignant tumors,respiratory diseases,and cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in elderly hospitalized patients.Among them,lung cancer is the main cause of death from malignant tumors,lung infection is the main cause of death from respiratory diseases,and heart failure is the main cause of death from cardiovascular diseases.2.The disease spectrum of death causes of elderly hospitalized patients varies to some extent due to gender,age,season,etc.The main cause of death for patients aged80 to 90 is malignant tumors,and the main cause of death for patients over 90 years of age is respiratory diseases.The screening and prevention of diseases in the elderly of different age groups can have their own focus.The mortality rate of elderly patients is higher in spring and winter,and there are relatively fewer deaths in summer and autumn.3.The abilities of daily living of the elderly hospitalized patients are decreased,the functions of various organs of the body are reduced,and there are various degrees of infection,anemia,renal insufficiency,hypoalbuminemia and other complications or complications.The clinical treatment is difficult,and the treatment should be strengthened.In the management of basic diseases of elderly patients,attention should be paid to the prevention of various complications while actively treating basic diseases. |
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