| BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a preventable and treatable chronic disease of the respiratory system characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow.The prevalence of COPD is high and the mortality rate is high.The total number of COPD patients in China has reached 100 million,which is the third largest chronic disease after hypertension and diabetes.At present,there is still a lack of effective therapeutic methods and drugs in clinical practice,commonly used drugs include corticosteroids,bronchodilators,etc.However,the symptoms can only be alleviated to a certain extent,and the progressive decline of lung function can’t be prevented,with little effect.The quality of life and working ability of patients are limited,which seriously affects the national health and social and economic development.Therefore,it’s urgent to explore new drugs.Ejiao(Latin:Colla Corii Asini)is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use.Clinically,it is often used in the treatment of gynecological diseases and hematological diseases.Typical pharmacological effects include blood tonifying hematopoiesis,ziyin runfei,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-aging,anti-shock,anti-fatigue,accelerating calcium absorption,improving sleep quality,enhancing immunity,fetal safety and beautify the appearance,etc.Blood tonifying and hematopoietic function has been widely spread and confirmed,but there are few reports on the mechanism of its pharmacological effects on zi yin run fei,anti-inflammation and anti-hypoxia at the animal model and cell level.There is no systematic evidence-based medicine for the treatment of COPD,and it’s pharmacological mechanism has not been fully clarified.ObjectiveTaking SD rats as the research object,and COPD rat model was established by smoke fumigation method to observe the efficacy of oral administration of Colla Corii Asini on COPD rats,to provide a new drug for clinical treatment of COPD,and also provide experimental basis for the application of Colla Corii Asini in COPD.Methods25 healthy SPF male SD rats aged 9～10 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups:namely the control group,model group(COPD),low-dose CCA group,medium-dose CCA group and high-dose CCA group,with 5 rats in each group.COPD rats model was established by cigarette smoke exposure alone:except the control group,the other 4 groups of rats were placed in the exposure device for passive inhalation of cigarette smoke,while the control group rats were placed in clean air for pseudo-exposure at the same time,and the total exposure time was 336 days.From the next day after modeling,the intervention treatment of CCA was started:the CCA powder was dissolved,shaken and mixed into prepare gelatin solution;three different concentrations of low,medium and high doses of CCA solution were given by gavage:1 g/kg,2 g/kg and 4 g/kg.The rats in control group and model group were gavaged with the same amount of physiological saline at the same time,once a day,for 28 days.The general conditions of rats in each group were observed and weighed during the modeling period and the intragastric administration of CCA.The next day after intragastric administration,the lung function of rats in each group was detected by animal lung function apparatus.After anesthesia,blood was collected through the right ventricle and sacrificed.Tissue specimens of the left heart,right heart,lung,liver,spleen,kidney,adrenal gland,thymus,testis and brain were collected,weighing wet weight,calculating viscera coefficient and brain-viscera ratio.Paraffin sections of lung tissue were routinely made,and the pathological changes were observed under microscope by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The levels of electrolyte Na+,K+,Cl-and Ca2+ in arterial serum of rats in each group were detected.The levels of total cholesterol(TCHO)and triglyceride(TG)were determined in each group.The RBC system parameters of rats in each group was detected,including red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin content(Hb),red blood cell distribution width(RDW),hematocrit(HCT),mean red blood cell volume(MCV),mean red blood cell hemoglobin content(MCH),and mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration(MCHC).Platelet count(PLT)and mean platelet volume(MPV)were measured.Graph Pad Prism 8.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data and drawings,and the differences of each index among the 5 groups were compared P<0.05 indicates that the differences is statistically significant.ResultsThe rats in the control group were generally in good condition,with obvious weight gain,normal indicators of lung function,normal appearance of lung tissue,complete alveolar structure,no emphysema changes,and no inflammatory infiltration.The volume of each organ was normal without enlargement or contraction,and the mass was normal.The levels of Na+,K+,Cl-,Ca2+,TCHO,TG,RBC,Hb,RDW,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC,PLT and MPV were all in the normal range.Compared with the control group,with the prolongation of cigarette smoke exposure time,the model group rats gradually development respiratory symptoms,such as cough and sneeze,decreased food intake,poor mental performance,slow weight gain,and significantly increased pulmonary function indexes,such as TV,EV,TE,RT,EEP and Penh(P<0.05),and PEF,PIF,MV,EF50 and F were significantly decreased(P<0.05),lung tissue HE staining showed emphysema and inflammatory pathological changes,lung tissue lesions were aggravated,Left heart mass,right heart mass and liver mass were significantly increased(P<0.05),renal mass and renal index decreased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the mass and coefficient of other organs(P>0.05),the ratio coefficitnts of left heart,right heart and liver were significantly increased(P<0.05),the ratio of kidney to brain decreased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant differences in the ratio coefficients of the other organs(P>0.05).There were no significant changes in serum Na+,K+,Cl-,Ca2+levels(P>0.05),THCO,TG,RBC,Hb,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC,PLT and MPV were significantly increased(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in RDW(P>0.05).Compared with the model group,cough and sneeze decreased,food intake increased,mental state improved and weight gain accelerated in the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CCA groups during intragastric administration.There was no significant change in the weight of each organ in the low-dose CCA group(P>0.05),the renal index increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the ratio of viscera to brain among all organs(P>0.05),THCO,Hb and HCT were significantly decreased(P<0.05),there were no significant changes in Na+,K+,Cl-,Ca2+,TG,RBC,MCV,MCH,MCHC,RDW,PLT and MPV(P>0.05);The lung function index Penh of rats in the medium-dose CCA group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),there was no significant changes in the mass of each organ(P>0.05),the renal index increased significantly(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference in the ratio of viscera to brain among all organs(P>0.05),TCHO,HCT and MCV were significantly decreased(P<0.05),there were no significant changes in Na+,K+,Cl-,Ca2+,TG,RBC,Hb,MCH,MMCHC,RDW,PLT and MPV(P>0.05);The Te,RT and Penh of high-dose CCA group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),MV,PIF and EF50 were significantly increased(P<0.05),lung inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,alveolar dilatation was reduced,lung bullae was reduced,emphysema was reduced,pathological injury of lung tissue was significantly relieved,and left heart mass was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the mass of other organs had no significant change(P>0.05),the renal index increased significantly(P<0.05),the coefficients of other prgans has no significant difference(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference in the ratio of viscera to brain among all organs(P>0.05),TCHO,TG,Hb,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC,PLT and MPV were aignificantly decreased(P<0.05),there were no significant changes in Na+,K+,Cl-,Ca2+,RBC and RDW(P>0.05).Conclusion1.Colla Corii Asini can improve the weight loss of COPD rats and alleviate the inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of rats.2.High-dose Colla Corii Asini can alleviate hypoxia,improve lung function,reduce the inflammatory response of lung tissue,and reduce hyperlipidemia in COPD rats.It may also reduce the damage to the heart,liver and kidney caused by cigarette smoke exposure.3.Different doses of Colla Corii Asini had no significant effect on serum electrolyte level of COPD rats. |
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