| The Togolese Republic(Togo)is located in the western part of Africa and is divided into five economic zones:the coastal zone,the plateau zone,the central zone,the Kara District and the grassland zone.East Mono is located in the northeastern part of the plateau,the administrative center is Elavagnon County,65km from the city of Atakpame,the capital of the plateau;and 225km from the city of Tome,the capital of Togo.The area is located in the subtropical zone and there are 2 dry seasons and 2 rainy seasons throughout the year.The first dry season was from November to March of the previous year,the first rainy season from ApriI to July,the second dry season from July to August,and the second rainy season from September to November.The annual rainfall is 949±37.4mm,and the monthly rainfall is 79±3.1mm.The total area is about 2,474 square kilometers,the population is estimated at 137,193,the population density is 55 people/km2,and the population growth rate is 2.64%(data from the Togo Malaria Center 2016).The administrative district has 18 health clinics and 1 private hospital in 7 counties.Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases in the region and is the main cause of absenteeism and absenteeism,and leads to inefficient work for workers.Poverty caused by malaria has caused huge financial losses to local governments.OjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in East Monroe and to detect mosquito-resistant insecticide resistance genes,and provide a reference for Togo authorities to develop malaria control strategies in the region.Methods1.Analyze its epidemiological characteristics using historical data on malaria in East Monroe.Through field visits to 18 medical sites and a private hospital in Dongmono province,and access to the Togo Malaria Center data,data on malaria epidemics from 2012 to 2016 were collected and analyzed from three aspects:natural factors,social factors,and malaria infections.;2.Using a sample survey method,a total of 10 villages in 5 health stations in Dongmono province were selected for the survey of the rate of insects.Local child worm rates were checked by Rapid Diagnostic Kit(RDT)and microscopy.The species of Plasmodium were identified,the average protozoa density and gametophyte carrying rate were calculated,and the correlation was analyzed.3.A total of 3 villages in 3 health stations in Dongmono province were selected for mosquito-borne surveys.By trapping local mosquito vectors,identifying mosquito species,describing mosquito habits and bite patterns,and detecting the presence of insecticide resistance genes(kdr gene and ace-1 gene).Results1.It was found that the incidence of malaria in Dongmono province was negatively correlated with temperature(r=-0.799,P=0.0018).The linear regression model was:the number of malaria cases per thousand population=-0.006*average temperature +0.192(F=17.901,P=0.002,R2=0.642);April-July(the first rainy season)is a period of rapid growth of malaria,and July-November is the peak period of malaria,from November to March is the landslide period of malaria;there are 7 counties in Dongmono province,NYAMASSILA is the county with the most serious malaria,and ELAVAGNON and KAMINA are the two counties that are less affected by the malaria epidemic,but other The county is affected by malaria epidemics to varying degrees,and its reported malaria-positive cases tend to be at the same level as NYAMASSILA County;among the susceptible populations of malaria in Dongmono,the incidence of children≤5 years old is the most serious.2.The number of blood tests was 1088,the rate of worms was 79.41%,and the proportion of gametophytes was 7.29%,among which Plasmodium falciparum infection(96.30%),and Plasmodium falciparum(0.46%)and Plasmodium falciparum(0.12%)and mixed infection(3.12%);based on microscopic examination,the total number of missed RDT patients was 10(6 cases were Plasmodium falciparum,3 cases were Plasmodium falciparum,1 case was Plasmodium falciparum),misdiagnosed The number of people was 5(5 cases were Plasmodium falciparum);the carrier rate of gametophytes was related to the density of protozoa(r=0.680,P=0.035),and the regression equation was:gametophytic carrier rate=0.137*logarithmic mean protozoa density-0.486(F=6.44,P=0.035,R2=0.446).3.A total of 11324 mosquitoes were captured,and Anopheles sinensis was mainly Anopheles gambiae(98.58%).Its habitat habits were more likely to be inhabited indoors than other mosquito vectors.The peak of biting appeared at 2 am to 4 am.Between,and this mosquito vector has Knockdown resistance(kdr),both of which are L1014F type,with a frequency of 100%.Conclusions1.Between 2012 and 2016,the resul ts of malaria prevention and control work in Dongmono province were not satisfactory.In addition to natural factors and social factors affecting the malaris epidemie in different degrees,the malaria epidemic in Dongmono is more serious in the western region,and the malaria epidemic in NY AMASSILA is the most serious in the western region.The province of East Mono is still in need of strengthening malaria prevention and control work,especially the prevention and control of children under the age of 5 years.2.East Mono is mainly infected with Plasmodium falciparum.Due to the large population base in the region,the detection of the rate of worms by Rapid Diagnostic Tests(RDT)may have a chance of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.It is recommended to combine the results of microscopic examination to make an accurate diagnosis.The density of protozoa obtained by microscopic examination can predict the local gametophyte carrying rate by the following formula:gametophytie carrier rate=0.137*logarithmic mean protozoal density-0.486.3.The main mosquito-trancmitting mosquito in East Mo?o provi nce is Anopheles gambiae.Although this Anpheles gambiae has pyrethroid and organochlorine insect icide resistance genes(kdr),it is soaked with insecticides.Mosquito nets still have a certaineffect on the prevention of mosquito bites in the local area.The subsequent enhancement of the detection of mosquito-resistant insecticide resistance genes is of great significance for local prevention and control work. |
PDF Full Text Request