| Artificial intelligence(AI)refers to an intelligent system that can think and act rationally like human beings.With the development of science and technology,AI technology has been widely applied in medical and healthcare fields.Compared with traditional medical services,AI applications in medicine can improve medical quality,reduce medical costs,optimize treatment options,and increase medical efficiency.However,AI applications in medicine pose ethical challenges in China.When an application regarding life and health is put into use,we firstly consider whether it is safe.It is obvious that AI applications in medicine may create safety issues.One of the basic elements of AI applications in medicine is healthcare big data,which relates to privacy and data security.The data may be transferred to a third party,or the cloud storage,or may be attacked,which may lead to privacy leakage.AI applications in medicine may enhance discrimination.Some AI applications in medicine are much more expensive than traditional medical services.Hence,promoting AI applications in medicine more accessible and affordable is a huge challenge.Besides,we should pay attention to the distributive justice of AI applications in medicine,and endeavor to find a reasonable solution.In addition,some AI applications in medicine are unexplainable or opaque,which may cause serious public distrust issues.This paper firstly introduces the scientific background of artificial intelligence technology and its applications in medicine,and introduces the ethical challenges.Then it builds an ethical framework of judging medical AI applications,and discusses ethical issues in detail,including discrimination,privacy,explainability,transparency and trust,safety,accessibility and affordability issues.Finally,it summarizes important international governance experience and China’s ethical governance status of AI applications in medicine,as well as puts forward the ethical governance suggestions to various stakeholders. |
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