Chemical Constituents Of Differents Parts From Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.and Sedative Effect Of Nelumbinis Semen

Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth.is an aquatic plant in the Nymphaea family.The seeds,plumules,receptacles,stamens,leaves and rhizome nodes are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 version).In this paper,the chemical constituents and biological activities of lotus seeds were reviewed firstly.Then,UPLC-QTo F-MS was used to analyze the chemical constituents of six medicinal parts of lotus(the cored seeds,plumules,receptacles,stamens,leaves and rhizome nodes).Plant metabonomics were used to analyze the difference among six parts.Then,based on the above analysis results and the literature retrieval results,suming chemical components,the pharmacological activity mechanism of lotus seeds tranquilizing was predicted by the network pharmacology method.Finally,the sedative effect of cored seeds of lotus on insomnia model mice was studied by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine.The following results were obtained:1.By total component analysis,a total of 414 chemical constituents were identified from six medicinal parts of lotus,including 79 flavonoids,37 alkaloids,44 terpenoids,31 steroids,54 organic acids,81 esters,21 glycosides,20 alcohols,15 phenols,10 ketones,7 saccharides,6 anthraquinones,4 aldehydes,and 5 others.Among them,164 from cored seeds,116 from plumules,187 from receptacles,173 from stamens,102 from leaves and 51 from rhizome nodes.2.By difference analysis,31 biomarkers were found in six parts,including 3 in cored seeds,5 in plumules,9 in receptacles,6 in stamens,5 in leaves and 3 in rhizome nodes.3.The network pharmacological study showed that the main targets for the sedative effect of cored seeds were 65 enzymes,30 GPCRs and 29 kinases,among which AKT1,APP,SLC6A4,ACHE,MAOA and CHRNA4 were the potential key targets.Sixteen potential signaling pathways,such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,c AMP,and serotonergic synapse,were revealed to play an important role in the sedative effect of cored seeds.4.The pharmacological study on insomnia mice showed that the cored seeds and plumules of lotus played an important role by affecting 5-HT,GABA and Glu/GABA in serum.The cored seeds also affect the NE in serum,the plumules also affect the GABA content in brain tissue.The innovation of this study lies in:1.The UPLC-QTo F-MS was used to study the chemical constituents of the cored seeds,plumules,receptacles,stamens,leaves and rhizome nodes for the first time.It was the first time that alkaloids(chelidimerine,gentiatibetine,armepavine,N-Methyl coclaurine,aposcopolamine,desmodimine,nuciferine,hyosoyamine,peimisine)were detected in stamens and terpenoids(ganoderma acid α,ganoderic acid H,ganoderenic acid B,ganoderic acid G,tanshinone IIA,mongholicoside Ⅰ,pristimerin,erythrodiol,soyasapogenol B,oleanolic acid,ceanothic acid,20(S)-Protopanaxatriol,(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2,taraxasterone,3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-3β,12β,20 R,25-tetraol)were detected in cored seeds.2.Based on network pharmacology,the network of "active ingredient of cored seeds-sedative targets-pathways" was constructed to study the sedative mechanism of cored seeds for the first time.The sedative effect of cored seeds was studied by the insomnia model replicated by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA for the first time.The results show that by acting on AKT1,APP,ACHE,MAOA targets,c AMP signaling pathway,serotonergic synapse and prolactin signaling pathway,chrysoeriol and morin in the cored seeds can regulate the neurotransmitters 5-HT and NE in the serum of the insomnia mice and play a sedative role.Through acting on CHRNA4 target,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,calcium signaling pathway and gap junction,GABA,Glu/GABA in serum of insomnia mice can be regulated by nuciferin,neferine,N-methylcoclaurine,armepavine,liensinine and coclaurine to play a sedative role.