| Objective:1.To analyze the association between urinary PAHs metabolites and hypertension in ordinary adults.2.To further explore the correlation between urinary PAHs metabolites and hypertension in coal miners,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in coal miners.Methods:In the first part of this study,2,283 adults aged 18 and above who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)from 2015 to 2016 were selected.The basic information of the research object was obtained through the form of personal interview questionnaire.Blood pressure is measured by professionally trained and certified personnel.In the second part of this study,652 male coal miners in a state-owned enterprise in Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects.A unified questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the subjects.Blood pressure was measured by professional medical staff in the physical examination unit.In this study,the levels of PAHs metabolites in urine were determined by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography(SPE-HPLC),and urinary creatinine was used to correct the concentration of urinary PAHs metabolites.The data were analyzed by t-test,chi-square test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analysis,dominance analysis,and hierarchical multivariate logistic regression model.Results:1.General demographic characteristics of the subjects(1)Ordinary adults:Among the 2283 subjects,1167(51.1%)were males and 1116(48.9%)were females,with an average age of(47.97±17.71)years old.The overall prevalence of hypertension was 50.4%.Men,age≥40 years,non-Hispanic black,annual household income<$20,000,BMI≥30 kg/m~2 and smoking had higher prevalence of hypertension,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in educational level and drinking status between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)Coal miners:The average age of 652 male coal miners was(40.57±10.82)years,the average working years was(14.77±10.68)years,and the overall prevalence of hypertension was 33.7%.People with age≥40 years old,high school or below education level,marriage,BMI≥24 kg/m2,worktime≥10 years,non-working shift,smoking,drinking alcohol,drinking tea and waist-hip ratio≥0.9/0.8 had higher prevalence of hypertension,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in physical exercise,salt intake,family history of hypertension,and ECG abnormalities between the two groups(P>0.05).2.Comparison of PAHs metabolites(1)Ordinary adults:The level of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and∑OH-PAHs were higher in the hypertensive group,while the level of 1-hydroxypyrene was higher in the non-hypertensive group,and the differences were both statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of 2-hydroxynaphthalene,2-hydroxyfluorene,3-hydroxyfluorene,1-hydroxyphenanthrene and 2-&3-hydroxyphenanthrene were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)Coal miners:There was no significant difference in urinary PAHs metabolite levels between the two groups(P>0.05).3.Correlation analysis of blood pressure and different factors:(1)Ordinary adults:Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure(DBP),2-hydroxynaphthalene,2-hydroxyfluorene,3-hydroxyfluorene,age,BMI and smoking,and negatively correlated with gender(1=male,2=female);DBP was positively correlated with BMI and alcohol consumption and negatively correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene and sex.(2)Coal miners:SBP was positively correlated with DBP,age,BMI and alcohol consumption,and negatively correlated with 9-hydroxyphenanthrene,1-hydroxypyrene,shift work and working environment(0=surface,1=underground).DBP was positively correlated with age,BMI,smoking and alcohol consumption,and negatively correlated with 9-hydroxyphenanthrene,1-hydroxypyrene,shift work and working environment.4.Advantage analysis of influencing factors of hypertension:(1)Ordinary adults:The influence degree of general demographic characteristics on hypertension(relative advantage weight)was as follows:age(85.3%),BMI(8.7%),smoking(2.6%),race(2.2%),gender(1.3%).(2)Coal miners:The influence degree of general demographic characteristics on hypertension(relative advantage weight)was as follows:age(41.5%),BMI(28.1%),Work environment(15.6%),alcohol consumption(7.4%),shift work(3.7%)and smoking(3.7%).5.Hierarchical Multivariate logistic regression analysis:(1)Ordinary adults:Multivariate logistic regression analysis based on age stratification,In the 40-59 age group,1-hydroxynaphthalene and2-&3-hydroxyphenanthrene were associated with an increased risk of hypertension(OR=1.752,95%CI:1.022-3.003,P=0.041;OR=1.547,95%CI:1.048～2.282,P=0.028),1-hydroxypyrene level was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension(OR=0.665,95%CI:0.468～0.946,P=0.023).∑OH-PAHs levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension(OR=1.966,95%CI:1.134～3.407,P=0.016)。In other age groups,no association was found between urinary PAHs metabolite levels and hypertension(P>0.05)(2)Coal miners:The results of age stratification analysis showed that there was no correlation between urinary PAHs metabolites and hypertension in all age groups(P>0.05).BMI stratified analysis results show that in 28 kg/m~2 group,compared with Q1 group(low level),Q2 group(levels)in 9-hydroxy fe is associated with lower risk of hypertension(OR=0.308,95%CI:0.096～0.988,P=0.048).No association was found between the level of other urinary PAHs metabolites and hypertension(P>0.05).Conclusions:1.Urine PAHs metabolites were correlated with blood pressure in both adults and coal miners.2.The association between urinary PAHs metabolite levels and hypertension may be different between age and BMI. |
