Study On TCM Constitution Characteristics Of Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity Disorders (Kidney Deficiency And Liver Hyperactivity Syndrome) In Children

Objective:To explore the TCM constitution characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)by studying the distribution of TCM constitution in children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome)and its relationship with core symptoms and social function.Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in this study.The children with ADHD aged 7-14 years who visited the pediatric ADHD special disease clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects.The data were collected by questionnaire.All cases completed the general condition questionnaire,TCM body mass scale for children aged 7-14 years,SNAP-IV scale,overall function rating scale for children,and TCM score scale.The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0.Results:1.General data distribution: A total of 102 children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperthyroidism syndrome)were included in this study,including 86 males and 16 females,with a male to female ratio of 5.38:1;the average age was 9.08 ± 1.99 years;the mean values of SNAP-IV scale were ODD(1.03 ± 0.68)points,IH(1.81 ± 0.50)points,HD/IMP(1.28 ±0.62)points,total score(1.55 ± 0.46)points;the mean CGAS score was 62.03 ± 6.42 points;the top 4 TCM symptoms with the highest frequency of kidney deficiency and hyperthyroidism syndrome were irritability(86.27%),poor memory(74.51%),dry mouth and dry throat(71.57%),and five upset fevers(51.96%);ADHD subtype distribution: attention deficit type was more common,a total of 63 cases(61.8%),followed by mixed type in 34cases(33.3%),and hyperactivity/impulsive type in only 5 cases(4.9%).2.The top three TCM constitution distributions of children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome)were: peaceful quality 38.2%,yin deficiency quality 19.6%,and qi stagnation quality 16.7%.3.Physical distribution of different subtypes of ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome): 47.6% of peaceful and 17.5% of qi stagnation in attention deficit type;17.6% of peaceful and 35.3% of yin deficiency in mixed type.There were significant differences in the distribution of peaceful quality and yin deficiency quality between the two groups of attention deficit type and mixed type(P < 0.05).4.There was no significant difference in the course distribution of peaceful quality,yin deficiency quality,and qi stagnation in children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome)(P > 0.05).5.The comparison of the constituent ratios of peaceful quality,yin deficiency quality,and qi stagnation in children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperthyroidism syndrome)showed no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the severity of the disease(P > 0.05),the comparison of physical score showed that qi stagnation was more common in mild and moderate(P < 0.05),and yin deficiency was more common in severe.6.The scores of SNAP-IV scale in children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome)of yin deficiency were higher than those of calmness and qi stagnation(P < 0.05).Conclusions:1.This study showed that the children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and liver excess syndrome)were more common in males,the age was concentrated in about 9 years old,the course of disease was mainly 1-3 years,the core symptom damage was moderate,the social function damage was mild,and the clinical subtype was more common in attention deficit type.2.2.The top three TCM constitution types of children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome)were peaceful quality,yin deficiency quality and qi stagnation quality,respectively.The remaining constitution types accounted for less than 15%,without prominent constitution characteristics.3.The TCM constitution type of children with ADHD attention deficit type is mainly peaceful quality,and the mixed type is mainly yin deficiency quality.This study did not show the prominent characteristics of qi stagnation in each subtype.4.Among the three TCM constitution types of children with ADHD(kidney deficiency and hyperfunction syndrome): peaceful quality,yin deficiency quality,and qi stagnation quality,this study showed that the core symptoms and functional impairment of children with peaceful quality were the mildest,yin deficiency quality was the heaviest,and qi stagnation quality was the second.