| Objective To investigate the changes of goal brain networks and habitual brain networks in resting state of smokers and their relationship with smoking decision preference pattern and carotid intima-media thickness(c IMT).MethodChapter 1: 67 male who met the inclusion criteria of this study were selected from the Department of Health Care and Physical Examination Center of our hospital from July2019 to December 2020.All subjects were divided into the smoking dependence group(33 cases)and the control group(34 cases).General data and inventory data of all subjects on the data collection,and E-Prime2.0 software of cigarettes and coin decision task,the task is divided into two(task 1 and task 2).Then arrange a MRI scans by subjects,applying GE3.0 T magnetic resonance access to all the participants resting state f MRI(rs-f MRI)cerebral blood oxygen level dependent signal applied DPARSF,REST,SPM software for data processing and goal brain networks and used to build brain networks.The differences of functional connectivity(FC)and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(f ALFF)between the two groups were analyzed,and cigarettes preferences in decision making and decision preference relations with dual system brain network changes were also analyzed.SPSS20.0 and REST software for statistical data processing,measuring data were expressed as mean plus and minus standard deviation((?)±s),the t-test was used for comparison between the two groups,correlation analysis uses spearman correlation analysis,P〈0.05 is statistically significant.Chapter 2: Carotid artery ultrasound examination was performed on 67 included subjects after resting state MRI scanning to obtain c IMT values and compare the differences in c IMT between the smoke-dependent group and the control group.Then,according to c IMT value,smoking dependence group was divided into smoking sclerosis group(14cases)and smoking non-sclerosis group(14 cases).SPSS22.0,DPARSF,REST,SPM and other software were used for statistical processing of data and construction of goal brain network and habitual brain network.The differences of bisystemic brain network between smoking sclerosis group and smoking non-sclerosis group were compared,and the relationship between c IMT value and bisystemic brain network in smoking sclerosis group was analyzed.ResultsChapter 1: The study of the relationship between the decision preference and the change of resting-state brain network in cigarette dependent subjects.1.There was no significant difference in age,literacy,IQ,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)between cigarette dependence group and control group(P〉0.05).2.Analysis results of cigarette money decision task: Task 1 compared the total number of cigarettes selected between the cigarette dependence group(187.07±37.89 cigarettes)and the control group(26.40±23.94 cigarettes),and the difference was statistically significant(P =0.00).In Task 2,there was a statistically significant difference in the number of cigarettes selected between the cigarette dependence group(12.46±2.15)and the control group(2.53±3.00)(P =0.00),indicating that the cigarette dependence group was significantly more inclined to choose cigarettes than the control group.3.f ALFF analysis results: The results of f ALFF analysis showed that compared with the control group,the f ALFF activity increased in the cigarette dependence group: bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus,bilateral parahippocampal gyrus,and right anterior central gyrus.Left superior temporal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus were found to have decreased activity(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasim corrected).4.FC analysis results: The brain regions with FC enhancement in the target brain network were: the right middle temporal gyrus;There were no brain regions with diminished functional connectivity.In the habitual brain network,brain regions with FC enhancement bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral middle frontal gyrus,left anterior central gyrus,left medial frontal gyrus,left precuneus,left angular gyrus,and left inferior parietal lobule.The FC was decreased in bilateral fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasim correction).5.Analysis of the correlation between task-1 and f ALFF and FC in the two-system brain network in cigarette dependence group: the brain regions that were positively correlated with habitual brain network function in cigarette money decision task I in cigarette dependence group were left posterior central gyrus(BA40)and left cingulate gyrus;The brain regions positively correlated with f ALFF spontaneous brain activity were: left limbic lobule and left paracentral lobule(BA4);There was no positive correlation with functional connections in the goal brain network.There was no negative correlation between the total number of cigarette choices and the functional connection of habitual brain network in the first task of cigarette coin decision in cigarette dependence group.The regions negatively correlated with f ALFF value were prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus.The brain region negatively correlated with the functional connection value of the goal brain network was in the frontal cortex(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasim corrected).6.Analysis of the correlation between task-2 and f ALFF and FC in the two-system brain network in cigarette dependence group: The number of cigarette choices in coin decision task 2 in cigarette dependence group was positively correlated with the right middle temporal gyrus and the right medial frontal gyrus in habitual network;There was no positive correlation between f ALFF and goal brain network.However,the brain regions negatively correlated with the habitual brain network were the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the insular cortex.f ALFF was negatively associated with the occipital lobe.7.The brain regions negatively correlated with the goal brain network were in limbic system(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,corrected by Alphasim).Chapter 2: Study on the relationship between carotid artery intra-media thickness and bi system brain network in cigarette dependent patients1.There were no significant differences in age,education level,MMSE,HAMD and HAMA between smoking sclerosis group and smoking non-sclerosis group(all P>0.05).2.Comparison of c IMT values between the cigarette dependence group and the control group: the c IMT in the cigarette dependence group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).3.f ALFF analysis results: Compared with smoking non-sclerosis group,the f ALFF value of smoking sclerosis group was higher in bilateral prefrontal lobe(BA10)and right auxiliary motor area.The attenuated brain regions were: left inferior occipital gyrus(BA18),right thalamus(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasimcorrected).4.FC analysis results: Compared with smoking sclerosis group and smoking non-sclerosis group,the functional connectivity in the goal brain network was weakened,including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus,right putamen,right middle frontal gyrus,and left cingulate gyrus(BA32).In the habitual brain network,the functional connectivity was also weakened,including bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus(BA32),left subthalamic nucleus,and left inferior frontal gyrus.There was no connection between the goal and the habitual brain network(P < 0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasim correction).5.Correlation analysis of CIMT with FALFF and Fc in dual system brain network in smoking sclerosis group: The functional connection strength of habitual brain network in smoking sclerosis group was positively correlated with c IMT value range: bilateral auxiliary motor area(BA6),left middle temporal gyrus(BA21),right inferior frontal gyrus(BA6)and right middle frontal gyrus(BA6);The brain regions with negative correlation were: right superior frontal gyrus(BA11),bilateral middle frontal gyrus(BA10,9).There was no positive correlation between functional connection strength of the goal brain network and the value of c IMT in smoking sclerosis group,but there was a negative correlation between the left parahippocampal gyrus.In smoking sclerosis group,f ALFF intensity was positively correlated with c IMT value: bilateral auxiliary motor area(BA6);There was no negative correlation between brain regions.(P <0.01,cluster≥19voxels,Alphasim correction).Conclusion1.The spontaneous activity and functional connectivity activity of habitual brain network were enhanced in cigarette dependent subjects,and cigarette dependent subjects were more inclined to choose cigarettes.This preference behavior was significantly correlated with the enhancement of functional activity of habit brain network.2.The c IMT value of cigarette dependent group increased and the increase of c IMT was related to the transformation of functional connections from target brain network to habitual brain network in tobacco dependent subjects. |
